Test 6 · ★★ · Telling when someone may be lying

Your grandad remembers your birthday picnic happening in the rain; you remember sun. What is the best explanation?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: grandad, birthday picnic, you, best explanation · What happens: remember, happen, be · To what, where: birthday picnic, rain

This is test 6 · ★★ of lesson 198 «Telling when someone may be lying» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 grandad	nmod:poss
2	grandad	grandad	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 remembers	nsubj
3	remembers	remember	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 picnic	nmod:poss
5	birthday	birthday	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 picnic	compound
6	picnic	picnic	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 remembers	obj
7	happening	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 picnic	acl
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 rain	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 rain	det
10	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 happening	obl
11	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 remember	punct
12	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	13 remember	nsubj
13	remember	remember	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 remembers	conj
14	sun.	Sunday	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 remember	obj
15	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	13 remember	parataxis
16	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 What	cop
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 explanation	det
18	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	19 explanation	amod
19	explanation	explanation	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 What	nsubj
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 remembers	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	remember	present	Your grandad	your birthday picnic			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent picnic=Theme
2	happen	gerund	your birthday picnic not said here		the rain		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in rain=Location
3	remember	present	you			sunday	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
4	is a	present	the best explanation				tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

You are telling a lie to win the argument

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	You	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	3 telling	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 telling	aux
3	telling	tell	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 lie	det
5	lie	lie	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 telling	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 win	mark
7	win	win	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 telling	advcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 argument	det
9	argument	argument	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 win	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	present · progressive	You	a lie					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent lie=Recipient
2	win	to-infinitive	You not said here	the argument					vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent argument=Eventuality

Option 2

Grandad is telling a lie to tease you

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 telling	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 telling	aux
3	telling	tell	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 lie	det
5	lie	lie	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 telling	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 tease	mark
7	tease	tease	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 telling	xcomp
8	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	7 tease	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	present · progressive	Grandad	a lie					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent lie=Recipient clause=Topic
2	tease not said to happen	to-infinitive	a lie not said here	you					vn bully-59.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Memory fills gaps by guessing, so honest people can disagree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Memory	memory	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 fills	nsubj
2	fills	fill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	gaps	gap	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 fills	obj
4	by	by	SCONJ	_	5 guessing	mark
5	guessing	guess	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 fills	advcl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 disagree	punct
7	so	so	ADV	_	11 disagree	advmod
8	honest	honest	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 people	amod
9	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 disagree	nsubj
10	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 disagree	aux
11	disagree	disagree	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 fills	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	fill	present	Memory	gaps	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent gap=Patient
2	guess	gerund	Memory not said here		vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
3	disagree	can	honest people		vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Only one person can ever have a true memory of it, so one must be lying

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 one	advmod
2	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 person	nummod
3	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 have	nsubj
4	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 have	aux
5	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	6 have	advmod
6	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 memory	det
8	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 memory	amod
9	memory	memory	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 have	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 it	case
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 memory	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 lying	punct
13	so	so	ADV	_	14 one	advmod
14	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	17 lying	nsubj
15	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	17 lying	aux
16	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	17 lying	aux
17	lying	lie	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 have	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	can	one person	a true memory of memory			ever		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent memory=Patient
2	lie	must · progressive	one						vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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