Test 5 · ★ · Balance and falling well

Why do skiers and skaters learn how to fall before anything else?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: skiers · What happens: learn, fall · To what, where: anything

This is test 5 · ★ of lesson 2 «Balance and falling well» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 learn	advmod
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 learn	aux
3	skiers	skier	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 learn	nsubj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 skaters	cc
5	skaters	skater	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 skiers	conj
6	learn	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 fall	advcl
7	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	9 fall	advmod
8	to	to	PART	_	9 fall	mark
9	fall	fall	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	before	before	ADP	_	11 anything	case
11	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	9 fall	obl
12	else	else	ADV	_	11 anything	advmod
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	9 fall	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	learn	present · do-support	skiers and skaters						vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	fall	to-infinitive				anything			vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme before anything=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Falling makes the snow softer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Falling	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 snow	det
4	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	obj
5	softer	soft	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 makes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall	gerund							vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	make	present		the snow				soft property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset snow=Product

Option 2

Falling is the fastest way down

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Falling	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 way	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 way	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 way	det
4	fastest	fast	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 way	amod
5	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	down	down	ADV	_	5 way	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall	gerund							vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is a	present		the fastest way				down property	tree rules

Option 3

It is a rule with no reason

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 rule	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 rule	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 rule	det
4	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 reason	case
6	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	7 reason	det
7	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 rule	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a rule				with no reason	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Falling well prevents injuries when they fall

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Falling	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 prevents	csubj
2	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	1 Falling	advmod
3	prevents	prevent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	injuries	injury	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 prevents	obj
5	when	when	SCONJ	_	7 fall	mark
6	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 fall	nsubj
7	fall	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 prevents	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	fall	gerund			well property	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	prevent	present	Falling	injuries		vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer injury=Theme
3	fall	present	injuries = injury			vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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