Exam question 1 · Sharing, sleep and safe food

Identify the principal reason for which a person uses his own cup or bottle.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, person · What happens: identify, use · To what, where: principal reason, own cup

This is exam question 1 of lesson 209 «Sharing, sleep and safe food» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 uses	obl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 person	det
8	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 uses	nsubj
9	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl
10	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 cup	nmod:poss
11	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 cup	amod
12	cup	cup	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 uses	obj
13	or	or	CCONJ	_	14 bottle	cc
14	bottle	bottle	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 cup	conj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	use	present	a person	person's own cup or bottle				for the principal reason	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent cup=Theme for which=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Sharing a cup causes the drink to taste different

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sharing	share	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 causes	csubj
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cup	det
3	cup	cup	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Sharing	obj
4	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 drink	det
6	drink	drink	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 causes	obj
7	to	to	PART	_	8 taste	mark
8	taste	taste	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 causes	xcomp
9	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 taste	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	share	gerund		a cup		tree rules
2	cause	present	Sharing	the drink		tree rules
3	taste	to-infinitive	the drink not said here		different property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Shared cups render drinks less cold

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Shared	share	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 cups	amod
2	cups	cup	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 render	nsubj
3	render	render	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	drinks	drink	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 render	obj
5	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	6 cold	advmod
6	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 render	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	share	participle							tree rules
2	render	present	Shared cups	drinks				cold property	vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drink=Theme

Option 3

Cups belong exclusively to their owners by law in most countries

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cups	cup	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 belong	nsubj
2	belong	belong	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 belong	advmod
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 owners	case
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 owners	nmod:poss
6	owners	owner	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 belong	obl
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 law	case
8	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 belong	obl
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 countries	case
10	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	11 countries	amod
11	countries	country	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 belong	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	belong	present	Cups			most countries		to Cups's owners; by law; exclusively property	vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Colds, influenza and cold sores are spread through saliva

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Colds	cold	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 spread	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 influenza	punct
3	influenza	influenza	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Colds	conj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 sores	cc
5	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 sores	amod
6	sores	sore	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Colds	conj
7	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 spread	aux:pass
8	spread	spread	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	through	through	ADP	_	10 saliva	case
10	saliva	saliva	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 spread	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spread	present · passive		Colds and influenza and cold sores		saliva			vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme through saliva=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/209-sharing-sleep-and-safe-food/e1/