Test 9 · ★ · Speaking up, saying no and growing up
A child asks "Why do leaves fall in autumn?" and no adult knows. What is a good next step?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: child, leaves, adult · What happens: ask, fall, know, be · To what, where: good next step · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 215 «Speaking up, saying no and growing up» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A child asks "Why do leaves fall in autumn?" and no adult knows.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 child | det |
| 2 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 asks | nsubj |
| 3 | asks | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 fall | punct |
| 5 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 8 fall | advmod |
| 6 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 fall | aux |
| 7 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 fall | nsubj |
| 8 | fall | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 asks | ccomp |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 autumn | case |
| 10 | autumn | autumn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 fall | obl |
| 11 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 8 fall | punct |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 fall | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 knows | cc |
| 14 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 15 adult | det |
| 15 | adult | adult | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 knows | nsubj |
| 16 | knows | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 asks | conj |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 asks | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ask speech: ask | present | a child | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | fall in a quote | present · do-support | leaves | autumn | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | know | present | no adult | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What is a good next step?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 6 step | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 step | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 step | det |
| 4 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 step | amod |
| 5 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 step | amod |
| 6 | step | step | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 7 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 6 step | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a good next step | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Never ask such questions again
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 2 ask | advmod |
| 2 | ask | ask | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 questions | amod |
| 4 | questions | question | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 ask | obj |
| 5 | again | again | ADV | _ | 2 ask | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not ask speech: ask | imperative | you not said here | such questions | again | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent question=Recipient |
Option 2
Make up an answer and believe it
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Make | make | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | up | up | ADP | _ | 1 Make | compound:prt |
| 3 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 answer | det |
| 4 | answer | answer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Make | obj |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 believe | cc |
| 6 | believe | believe | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 1 Make | conj |
| 7 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 believe | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make up | imperative | you not said here | a answer | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme answer=Pivot | ||||
| 2 | believe | infinitive | you not said here | answer | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |
Option 3
Decide that nobody can ever know the answer to that
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Decide | decide | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 6 know | mark |
| 3 | nobody | nobody | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 6 know | nsubj |
| 4 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 know | aux |
| 5 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 6 know | advmod |
| 6 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 1 Decide | ccomp |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 answer | det |
| 8 | answer | answer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 know | obj |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 that | case |
| 10 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 6 know | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | decide | imperative | you not said here | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | know | can | nobody | the answer | ever | to that | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer answer=Stimulus |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
Look it up together in a book or online
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Look | look | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 1 Look | obj |
| 3 | up | up | ADP | _ | 1 Look | compound:prt |
| 4 | together | together | ADV | _ | 1 Look | advmod |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 book | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 book | det |
| 7 | book | book | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Look | obl |
| 8 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 9 online | cc |
| 9 | online | online | ADV | _ | 7 book | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look up | imperative | you not said here | it | a book | together property | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Attribute |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/215-speaking-up-saying-no-and-growing-up/t9/