Exam question 2 · Meeting a dog safely

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the posture termed «be a tree»?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: posture · What happens: follow, characteris, term, be · To what, where: tree

This is exam question 2 of lesson 22 «Meeting a dog safely» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 posture	det
10	posture	posture	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 termed	nsubj
11	termed	term	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 characterises	ccomp
12	«	«	PUNCT	_	15 tree	punct
13	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	15 tree	cop
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 tree	det
15	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 termed	obj
16	»	»	PUNCT	_	15 tree	punct
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present			of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	term	past	the posture			vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	is a in a quote	infinitive		a tree		tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Climbing a tree until the dog departs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Climbing	climb	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 departs	csubj
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 tree	det
3	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Climbing	obj
4	until	until	ADP	_	6 dog	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 dog	det
6	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Climbing	obl
7	departs	depart	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	climb	gerund		a tree			until the dog		vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location tree=Theme
2	depart	present	Climbing						vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

Waving the arms above the head like branches

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Waving	wave	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 arms	det
3	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Waving	obj
4	above	above	ADP	_	6 head	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 head	det
6	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Waving	obl
7	like	like	ADP	_	8 branches	case
8	branches	branch	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Waving	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wave	gerund		the arms		the head		like branches	vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Standing still, the arms folded in, the eyes directed at the feet, and remaining quiet

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Standing	stand	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	still	still	ADV	_	1 Standing	advmod
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 arms	punct
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 arms	det
5	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Standing	obl
6	folded	fold	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 arms	acl
7	in	in	ADV	_	6 folded	advmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 eyes	punct
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 eyes	det
10	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 arms	conj
11	directed	direct	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 eyes	acl
12	at	at	ADP	_	14 feet	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 feet	det
14	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 directed	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 remaining	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 remaining	cc
17	remaining	remain	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Standing	conj
18	quiet	quiet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 remaining	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stand	gerund	the arms and the eyes		still		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	fold	participle	the arms and the eyes not said here				vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	direct	participle	the eyes not said here	the feet			vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.predicate»: agent=Agent at foot=Eventuality
4	remain	gerund				quiet property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Running in a straight line towards the nearest tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Running	run	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	in	in	ADP	_	5 line	case
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 line	det
4	straight	straight	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 line	amod
5	line	line	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Running	obl
6	towards	towards	ADP	_	9 tree	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 tree	det
8	nearest	near	ADJ	Degree=Sup	9 tree	amod
9	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Running	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	run	gerund				a straight line		towards the nearest tree	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme towards tree=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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