Exam question 2 · Good manners on buses and trains, and borrowing things

Which of the following constitutes the appropriate manner of borrowing a ruler from a classmate?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: appropriate manner · What happens: follow, constitute, borrow · To what, where: appropriate manner, ruler, classmate

This is exam question 2 of lesson 225 «Good manners on buses and trains, and borrowing things» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 constitutes	nsubj
2	of	of	SCONJ	_	5 constitutes	mark
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 constitutes	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 constitutes	nsubj
5	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 manner	det
7	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 manner	amod
8	manner	manner	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 constitutes	obj
9	of	of	SCONJ	_	10 borrowing	mark
10	borrowing	borrow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 manner	acl
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 ruler	det
12	ruler	ruler	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 borrowing	obj
13	from	from	ADP	_	15 classmate	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 classmate	det
15	classmate	classmate	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 borrowing	obl
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 constitutes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	constitute	present		the appropriate manner		vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme manner=Pivot
3	borrow	gerund	the appropriate manner not said here	a ruler	a classmate	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent ruler=Theme from classmate=Source

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

To take it quietly while the classmate is out of the room

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 take	mark
2	take	take	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 take	obj
4	quietly	quietly	ADV	_	2 take	advmod
5	while	while	SCONJ	_	12 room	mark
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 classmate	det
7	classmate	classmate	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 room	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 room	cop
9	out	out	ADP	_	12 room	case
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 room	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 room	det
12	room	room	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 take	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	to-infinitive		it				quietly property	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
2	is	present	the classmate			the room			tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

To ask «May I borrow…?» and await consent

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 ask	mark
2	ask	ask	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 borrow	punct
4	May	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 borrow	aux
5	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 borrow	nsubj
6	borrow	borrow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 ask	ccomp
7	…	…	PUNCT	_	6 borrow	punct
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 borrow	punct
9	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 borrow	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 await	cc
11	await	await	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 ask	conj
12	consent	consent	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 await	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	ask speech: ask	to-infinitive			vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	borrow in a quote	may	I		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	await	infinitive		consent	tree rules

Option 3

To take it if the classmate has two

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 take	mark
2	take	take	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 take	obj
4	if	if	SCONJ	_	7 has	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 classmate	det
6	classmate	classmate	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 has	nsubj
7	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 take	advcl
8	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 has	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	to-infinitive		it					vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
2	have a condition, not said to happen	present	the classmate	two					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent two=Patient

Option 4

To take it and return it later unasked

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 take	mark
2	take	take	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 take	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 return	cc
5	return	return	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 take	conj
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 return	obj
7	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	8 unasked	advmod
8	unasked	unasked	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 return	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	to-infinitive		it					vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
2	return	infinitive		it				unasked property	vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/225-public-transport-and-borrowing/e2/