Exam question 1 · Good manners on buses and trains, and borrowing things

Identify the persons to whom one ought to offer one's seat on a crowded bus or train.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, offer · To what, where: persons, one, crowded bus

This is exam question 1 of lesson 225 «Good manners on buses and trains, and borrowing things» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 persons	det
3	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Identify	obj
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 whom	case
5	whom	whom	PRON	PronType=Rel	1 Identify	obl
6	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 ought	nsubj
7	ought	ought	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 whom	acl:relcl
8	to	to	PART	_	9 offer	mark
9	offer	offer	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Identify	advcl
10	one	one	PRON	Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 offer	obj
11	's	's	PART	_	10 one	case
12	seat	seat	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 offer	obj
13	on	on	ADP	_	16 bus	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 bus	det
15	crowded	crowded	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 bus	amod
16	bus	bus	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 offer	obl
17	or	or	CCONJ	_	18 train	cc
18	train	train	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 bus	conj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the persons					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent person=Theme to whom=be'
2	offer	to-infinitive	you not said here	one		a crowded bus or train			vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.goal NP»: agent=Agent one=Goal seat=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Only those persons who expressly request it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	3 persons	advmod
2	those	that	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	3 persons	det
3	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 request	nsubj
5	expressly	expressly	ADV	_	6 request	advmod
6	request	request	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 persons	acl:relcl
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 request	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	request	present	that persons	it				expressly property	vn beg-58.2 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent it=Recipient

Option 2

Only persons one knows personally

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 persons	advmod
2	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 knows	nsubj
3	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 persons	flat
4	knows	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	personally	personally	ADV	_	4 knows	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	know	present	persons					personally property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Older, pregnant or disabled persons

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 persons	amod
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 pregnant	punct
3	pregnant	pregnant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Older	conj
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 disabled	cc
5	disabled	disabled	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 pregnant	conj
6	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

Only persons carrying bags

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 persons	advmod
2	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	carrying	carry	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 persons	acl
4	bags	bag	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 carrying	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	gerund	persons not said here	bags					vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bag=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/225-public-transport-and-borrowing/e1/