Exam question 4 · Safe at lakes and beaches

Ascertain the reason for which cold water is entered slowly.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: ascertain, enter · To what, where: reason, cold water

This is exam question 4 of lesson 232 «Safe at lakes and beaches» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reason	det
3	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 entered	obl
6	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 water	amod
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 entered	nsubj:pass
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 entered	aux:pass
9	entered	enter	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 reason	acl
10	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	9 entered	advmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the reason					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic
2	enter	present · passive		cold water				for the reason; slowly property	vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Cold water causes gasping and tires the muscles rapidly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 water	amod
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 causes	nsubj
3	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	gasping	gasping	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 causes	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 tires	cc
6	tires	tire	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 causes	conj
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 muscles	det
8	muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 tires	obj
9	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	_	6 tires	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	present	Cold water	gasping					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition gasping=Patient
2	tire	present	Cold water not said here	the muscles				rapidly property	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus muscle=Experiencer

Option 2

Cold water causes the skin to grow warmer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 water	amod
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 causes	nsubj
3	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 skin	det
5	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 causes	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 grow	mark
7	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 causes	advcl
8	warmer	warm	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 grow	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	present	Cold water	the skin					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition skin=Patient
2	grow	to-infinitive	Cold water not said here					warm property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

Quick entry is forbidden by lifeguards on all public beaches

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Quick	quick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 entry	amod
2	entry	entry	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 forbidden	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 forbidden	aux:pass
4	forbidden	forbid	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 lifeguards	case
6	lifeguards	lifeguard	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 forbidden	obl
7	on	on	ADP	_	10 beaches	case
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	10 beaches	det
9	public	public	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 beaches	amod
10	beaches	beach	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 forbidden	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	forbid	present · passive	lifeguards	Quick entry		all public beaches			vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer subject=Theme

Option 4

Slow entry makes the water itself grow warmer around the swimmer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Slow	slow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 entry	amod
2	entry	entry	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 makes	nsubj
3	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 water	det
5	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 makes	obj
6	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	7 grow	nsubj
7	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 makes	xcomp
8	warmer	warm	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 grow	xcomp
9	around	around	ADP	_	11 swimmer	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 swimmer	det
11	swimmer	swimmer	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 grow	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	Slow entry	the water					tree rules
2	grow	present	entry			the swimmer		warm property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme around swimmer=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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