Test 18 · ★★ · Snow, ice and strong sun

apparently a boy put a stone in a snowball and knocked out his mate's tooth. what's the true lesson?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: boy · What happens: put, knock out, be · To what, where: stone, snowball, tooth, true lesson

This is test 18 · ★★ of lesson 234 «Snow, ice and strong sun» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	apparently	apparently	ADV	_	4 put	advmod
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 boy	det
3	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 put	nsubj
4	put	put	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 stone	det
6	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 put	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 snowball	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 snowball	det
9	snowball	snowball	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 put	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 knocked	cc
11	knocked	knock	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 put	conj
12	out	out	ADP	_	11 knocked	compound:prt
13	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 mate	nmod:poss
14	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 tooth	nmod:poss
15	's	's	PART	_	14 mate	case
16	tooth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 knocked	obj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 put	punct
18	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	22 lesson	nsubj
19	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 lesson	cop
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 lesson	det
21	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 lesson	amod
22	lesson	lesson	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 put	parataxis
23	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 put	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	put	past	a boy	a stone	a snowball	apparently property	vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent stone=Theme in snowball=Destination
2	knock out	past	a boy not said here	boy's mate's tooth			vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient
3	is a	present		the true lesson			tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Stones make snowballs fly straighter, so they're better for aiming

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 make	nsubj
2	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	snowballs	snowball	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 make	obj
4	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 make	xcomp
5	straighter	straight	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 fly	xcomp
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 better	punct
7	so	so	ADV	_	10 better	advmod
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 better	nsubj
9	're	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 better	cop
10	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 make	parataxis
11	for	for	ADP	_	12 aiming	case
12	aiming	aiming	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 better	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	make	present	Stones	snowballs		tree rules
2	fly	infinitive	snowballs not said here		straight property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	is	present	Stones = stone		for aiming; good property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Throw only soft snowballs, never with stones or ice

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Throw	throw	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	only	only	ADV	_	4 snowballs	advmod
3	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 snowballs	amod
4	snowballs	snowball	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Throw	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 stones	punct
6	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	8 stones	advmod
7	with	with	ADP	_	8 stones	case
8	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Throw	obl
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 ice	cc
10	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 stones	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	throw	imperative	you not said here	soft snowballs				with stones or ice	vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent snowball=Theme

Option 3

Snowballs are safe whatever you put inside

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Snowballs	snowball	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 safe	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 safe	cop
3	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	whatever	whatever	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 put	obj
5	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	6 put	nsubj
6	put	put	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 safe	advcl
7	inside	inside	ADV	_	6 put	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Snowballs					safe property	tree rules
2	put	present	you	whatever				inside property	vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent whatever=Goal

Option 4

Aim only at the head for fun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Aim	aim	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	only	only	ADV	_	5 head	advmod
3	at	at	ADP	_	5 head	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 head	det
5	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Aim	obj
6	for	for	ADP	_	7 fun	case
7	fun	fun	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Aim	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	aim	imperative	you not said here	the head				for fun	vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot head=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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