Exam question 4 · Rain, floods and storms

Ascertain the position from which a rainbow may be observed.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: ascertain, observe · To what, where: position, rainbow

This is exam question 4 of lesson 235 «Rain, floods and storms» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 position	det
3	position	position	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 observed	obl
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 rainbow	det
7	rainbow	rainbow	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 observed	nsubj:pass
8	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 observed	aux
9	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	10 observed	aux:pass
10	observed	observe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 position	acl:relcl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the position					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent position=Topic
2	observe	may · passive		a rainbow		the position			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Only from the summit of a high hill

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	4 summit	advmod
2	from	from	ADP	_	4 summit	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 summit	det
4	summit	summit	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 hill	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 hill	det
7	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 hill	amod
8	hill	hill	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 summit	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

Standing directly beneath the rain cloud

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Standing	stand	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	directly	directly	ADV	_	1 Standing	advmod
3	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	6 cloud	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 cloud	det
5	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 cloud	compound
6	cloud	cloud	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Standing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stand	gerund				the rain cloud		directly property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent beneath cloud=Location

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

With the sun behind one, facing the rain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	With	with	ADP	_	3 sun	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 sun	det
3	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 one	obl
4	behind	behind	ADP	_	5 one	case
5	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 facing	punct
7	facing	face	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 one	advcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 rain	det
9	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 facing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	face	gerund		the rain					vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme rain=Destination

Option 4

Facing directly into the sun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Facing	face	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	directly	directly	ADV	_	1 Facing	advmod
3	into	into	ADP	_	5 sun	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 sun	det
5	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Facing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	face	gerund				the sun		directly property	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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