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Test 1 · ★ · Wind, fog, wildfire, tsunami and the seasons

A boy in Chicago walks to school in fog wearing a black coat. What could make him safer?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: boy · What happens: walk, wear, make · To what, where: fog, black coat, boy

This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 236 «Wind, fog, wildfire, tsunami and the seasons» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A boy in Chicago walks to school in fog wearing a black coat.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 boy	det
2	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 walks	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 Chicago	case
4	Chicago	Chicago	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 boy	nmod
5	walks	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 school	case
7	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 walks	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 fog	case
9	fog	fog	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 walks	obl
10	wearing	wear	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 walks	advcl
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 coat	det
12	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 coat	amod
13	coat	coat	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 wearing	obj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 walks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	walk	present	a boy in Chicago			fog		to school result	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to school=Result
2	wear	gerund	a boy in Chicago not said here	a black coat					vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent coat=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What could make him safer?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 make	obj
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 make	aux
3	make	make	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 make	obj
5	safer	safe	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 make	xcomp
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 make	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	could		boy				safe property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset what=Beneficiary he=Product

The options

Option 1

Walking at the very edge of the road

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Walking	walk	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	at	at	ADP	_	5 edge	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 edge	det
4	very	very	ADV	_	5 edge	advmod
5	edge	edge	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Walking	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 road	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 road	det
8	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 edge	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	walk	gerund				the edge of the road			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at edge=Trajectory

Option 2

Crossing wherever he likes, but doing it faster

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Crossing	cross	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	wherever	wherever	ADV	PronType=Int	4 likes	advmod
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 likes	nsubj
4	likes	like	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Crossing	advcl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 doing	punct
6	but	but	CCONJ	_	7 doing	cc
7	doing	do	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Crossing	conj
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 doing	obj
9	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	7 doing	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cross	gerund							vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	like	present	he					wherever property	vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
3	do	gerund		it				fast property	vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Wearing headphones so that he can hear the cars better

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wearing	wear	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	headphones	headphone	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Wearing	obj
3	so	so	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	7 hear	mark
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	3 so	fixed
5	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 hear	nsubj
6	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 hear	aux
7	hear	hear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Wearing	advcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 cars	det
9	cars	car	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 hear	obj
10	better	well	ADV	Degree=Cmp	7 hear	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wear	gerund		headphones					vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent headphone=Theme
2	hear	can	he	the cars				well property	vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer car=Stimulus

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

A bright or reflective vest so drivers see him

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 vest	det
2	bright	bright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 vest	amod
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 reflective	cc
4	reflective	reflective	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 bright	conj
5	vest	vest	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	so	so	SCONJ	_	8 see	mark
7	drivers	driver	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 see	nsubj
8	see	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 vest	acl
9	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 see	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	present	drivers	him = he					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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