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Test 7 · ★ · Younger children, losing and practising

A four-year-old loses at tag and cries. Why should an older child be patient?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: year old, older child · What happens: lose, cry, be · To what, where: tag

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 251 «Younger children, losing and practising» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A four-year-old loses at tag and cries.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 old	det
2	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 year	nummod
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 four	punct
4	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 old	compound
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 year	punct
6	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 loses	nsubj
7	loses	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	at	at	ADP	_	9 tag	case
9	tag	tag	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 loses	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 cries	cc
11	cries	cry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 loses	conj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 loses	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	present	a year old			tag			vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V PP.eventuality S_ING»: agent=Agent at tag=Eventuality
2	cry speech: express	present	a year old not said here						vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why should an older child be patient?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	7 patient	advmod
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 patient	aux
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 child	det
4	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 child	amod
5	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 patient	nsubj
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 patient	cop
7	patient	patient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 patient	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	should	a older child					patient property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Little children are still learning to lose

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 children	amod
2	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 learning	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 learning	aux
4	still	still	ADV	_	5 learning	advmod
5	learning	learn	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 lose	mark
7	lose	lose	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 learning	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	learn	present · progressive	Little children				still		vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	lose	to-infinitive	Little children not said here						vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

She will never play again

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 play	nsubj
2	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 play	aux
3	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	4 play	advmod
4	play	play	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	again	again	ADV	_	4 play	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not play	future	She				again		vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

It is all the older child's fault for winning

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 fault	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 fault	cop
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 fault	det:predet
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 child	det
5	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 child	amod
6	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 fault	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 child	case
8	fault	fault	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	for	for	SCONJ	_	10 winning	mark
10	winning	win	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 fault	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	the older child's fault					tree rules
2	win	gerund							vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Crying always means that she cheated

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Crying	cry	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 means	csubj
2	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	1 Crying	advmod
3	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 cheated	mark
5	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 cheated	nsubj
6	cheated	cheat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 means	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cry speech: express	gerund						always property	vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	mean	present	Crying						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	cheat	past	she						vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/251-younger-children-losing-and-practising/t7/