Test 5 · ★ · Getting ready for school and the school day

In an earthquake, why is it safer under a sturdy desk than standing by a bookcase?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: earthquake · What happens: be, stand · To what, where: earthquake

This is test 5 · ★ of lesson 253 «Getting ready for school and the school day» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 earthquake	case
2	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 earthquake	det
3	earthquake	earthquake	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 safer	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 earthquake	punct
5	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	8 safer	advmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 safer	cop
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 safer	nsubj
8	safer	safe	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
9	under	under	ADP	_	12 desk	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 desk	det
11	sturdy	sturdy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 desk	amod
12	desk	desk	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 safer	obl
13	than	than	SCONJ	_	14 standing	mark
14	standing	stand	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 safer	advcl
15	by	by	ADP	_	17 bookcase	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 bookcase	det
17	bookcase	bookcase	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 standing	obl
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 safer	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	earthquake			a earthquake		under a sturdy desk; safe property	tree rules
2	stand	gerund	earthquake not said here					by a bookcase	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by bookcase=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The desk is closer to the door

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 desk	det
2	desk	desk	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 closer	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 closer	cop
4	closer	close	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 door	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 door	det
7	door	door	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 closer	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the desk					to the door; close property	tree rules

Option 2

Bookcases are always fixed down firmly to the wall

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bookcases	bookcase	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 fixed	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 fixed	aux:pass
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 fixed	advmod
4	fixed	fix	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	down	down	ADP	_	4 fixed	compound:prt
6	firmly	firmly	ADV	_	4 fixed	advmod
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 wall	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 wall	det
9	wall	wall	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fixed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fix down	present · passive		Bookcases				to the wall; always, firmly property	vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Patient to wall=Co-Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Falling objects cause most injuries, and the desk protects your head

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Falling	fall	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 objects	amod
2	objects	object	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 cause	nsubj
3	cause	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 injuries	amod
5	injuries	injury	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 cause	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 protects	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 protects	cc
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 desk	det
9	desk	desk	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 protects	nsubj
10	protects	protect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 cause	parataxis
11	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 head	nmod:poss
12	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 protects	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	fall	gerund			vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	cause	present	Falling objects	most injuries	vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition injury=Patient
3	protect	present	the desk	your head	vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Beneficiary

Option 4

Desks are heavy enough to stop the ground underneath them from shaking

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Desks	desk	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 heavy	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 heavy	cop
3	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	enough	enough	ADV	_	3 heavy	advmod
5	to	to	PART	_	6 stop	mark
6	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 heavy	advcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 ground	det
8	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 stop	obj
9	underneath	underneath	ADP	_	10 them	case
10	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 stop	obl
11	from	from	SCONJ	_	12 shaking	mark
12	shaking	shake	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 stop	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	Desks		enough, heavy property	tree rules
2	stop	to-infinitive	Desks not said here	the ground	underneath Desks = desk	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality ground=Eventuality
3	shake	gerund	Desks not said here			vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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