Test 4 · ★ · Airports and planes
A boy chews gum as the plane descends. Why does this help?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: boy, plane, this · What happens: chew, descend, help · To what, where: gum
This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 271 «Airports and planes» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A boy chews gum as the plane descends.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 boy | det |
| 2 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 chews | nsubj |
| 3 | chews | chew | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | gum | gum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 chews | obj |
| 5 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 8 descends | mark |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 plane | det |
| 7 | plane | plane | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 descends | nsubj |
| 8 | descends | descend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 chews | advcl |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 chews | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | chew | present | a boy | gum | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gum=Patient | ||||
| 2 | descend | present | the plane | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Why does this help?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 help | advmod |
| 2 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 help | aux |
| 3 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 help | nsubj |
| 4 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 help | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | help | present · do-support | this | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
It makes the plane land more gently
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 makes | nsubj |
| 2 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 land | det |
| 4 | plane | plane | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 land | compound |
| 5 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 makes | obj |
| 6 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 7 gently | advmod |
| 7 | gently | gently | ADV | _ | 2 makes | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present | It | the plane land | gently property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material land=Product |
Option 2
It keeps him from feeling hungry until the plane has landed
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 keeps | nsubj |
| 2 | keeps | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 keeps | obj |
| 4 | from | from | SCONJ | _ | 5 feeling | mark |
| 5 | feeling | feel | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 keeps | advcl |
| 6 | hungry | hungry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 feeling | xcomp |
| 7 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 11 landed | mark |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 plane | det |
| 9 | plane | plane | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 landed | nsubj |
| 10 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 landed | aux |
| 11 | landed | land | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 feeling | advcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | keep | present | It | him = he | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | ||||
| 2 | feel | gerund | hungry property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | land | present · perfect | the plane | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
It helps the pressure in his ears even out
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 helps | nsubj |
| 2 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 pressure | det |
| 4 | pressure | pressure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 helps | obj |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 ears | case |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 ears | nmod:poss |
| 7 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 helps | obl |
| 8 | even | even | ADV | _ | 9 out | advmod |
| 9 | out | out | ADV | _ | 2 helps | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | help | present | It | the pressure | his ears | out property | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pressure=Beneficiary |
Option 4
It stops his ears hearing the engine
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 stops | nsubj |
| 2 | stops | stop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 ears | nmod:poss |
| 4 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 stops | obj |
| 5 | hearing | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 stops | xcomp |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 engine | det |
| 7 | engine | engine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 hearing | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stop | present | It | his ears | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | hear | gerund | the engine | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer engine=Stimulus |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/271-airports-and-planes/t4/