Test 18 · ★★ · Railway crossings, maps and addresses

my mate says a kid put a coin on the track and the train "flew off the rails into a field". what's likely

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: mate, kid, train · What happens: say, put, fly off, be · To what, where: coin, track, rails, field · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 18 · ★★ of lesson 275 «Railway crossings, maps and addresses» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 mate	nmod:poss
2	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 kid	det
5	kid	kid	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 put	nsubj
6	put	put	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 says	ccomp
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 coin	det
8	coin	coin	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 put	obj
9	on	on	ADP	_	11 track	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 track	det
11	track	track	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 put	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 flew	cc
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 train	det
14	train	train	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 flew	nsubj
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	16 flew	punct
16	flew	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 says	conj
17	off	off	ADP	_	19 rails	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 rails	det
19	rails	rail	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 flew	obl
20	into	into	ADP	_	22 field	case
21	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 field	det
22	field	field	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 flew	obl
23	"	"	PUNCT	_	16 flew	punct
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct
25	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	27 likely	nsubj
26	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 likely	cop
27	likely	likely	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 says	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	my mate				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	put	infinitive	a kid	a coin	the track		vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent coin=Theme on track=Destination
3	fly off in a quote	past	the train	the rails	a field		vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme rail=Trajectory
4	is	present				likely property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Probably blown up, but things on tracks really are dangerous

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Probably	probably	ADV	_	2 blown	advmod
2	blown	blow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
3	up	up	ADP	_	2 blown	compound:prt
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 dangerous	punct
5	but	but	CCONJ	_	11 dangerous	cc
6	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 dangerous	nsubj
7	on	on	ADP	_	8 tracks	case
8	tracks	track	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 things	nmod
9	really	really	ADV	_	8 tracks	advmod
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 dangerous	cop
11	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 blown	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	blow up	participle						probably property	vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient
2	is	present	things on tracks					dangerous property	tree rules

Option 2

Coins on the track are always harmless

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Coins	coin	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 harmless	nsubj
2	on	on	ADP	_	4 track	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 track	det
4	track	track	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Coins	nmod
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 harmless	cop
6	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	7 harmless	advmod
7	harmless	harmless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Coins on the track					always, harmless property	tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Trains are too heavy to ever derail

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Trains	train	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 heavy	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 heavy	cop
3	too	too	ADV	_	4 heavy	advmod
4	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	7 derail	mark
6	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	7 derail	advmod
7	derail	derail	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 heavy	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Trains					heavy property	tree rules
2	derail	to-infinitive	Trains not said here				ever		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 4

It's exactly true, every word of it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 true	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 true	cop
3	exactly	exactly	ADV	_	4 true	advmod
4	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 word	punct
6	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	7 word	det
7	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 true	conj
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 it	case
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 word	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					exactly, true property	tree rules
2	word			word					nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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