Exam question 1 · Covering up, false alarms and playing fair

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the relationship between loyalty and the concealment of a friend's wrongdoing?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, conceal · To what, where: relationship, wrongdoing

This is exam question 1 of lesson 277 «Covering up, false alarms and playing fair» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 relationship	det
10	relationship	relationship	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	between	between	ADP	_	12 loyalty	case
12	loyalty	loyalty	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 relationship	nmod
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 concealment	cc
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 concealment	det
15	concealment	concealment	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 relationship	conj
16	of	of	ADP	_	20 wrongdoing	case
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 friend	det
18	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 wrongdoing	nmod:poss
19	's	's	PART	_	18 friend	case
20	wrongdoing	wrongdoing	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 concealment	nmod
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the relationship and the concealment of a friend's wrongdoing	of the following statements; between loyalty; accurately property	tree rules
3	conceal		a friend's wrongdoing		nom concealment «state transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Loyalty does not require lying, and concealment may let harm continue

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Loyalty	loyalty	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 require	nsubj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 require	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 require	advmod
4	require	require	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	lying	lie	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 require	xcomp
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 let	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 let	cc
8	concealment	concealment	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 let	nsubj
9	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 let	aux
10	let	let	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	4 require	conj
11	harm	harm	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 let	obj
12	continue	continue	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 let	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	not require	present · do-support	Loyalty		vn require-103-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Theme clause=Precondition
2	lie	gerund	Loyalty not said here		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	let	may	concealment	harm	tree rules
4	continue	infinitive	harm not said here		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

Concealment is acceptable provided no adult enquires

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Concealment	concealment	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 provided	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 provided	aux:pass
3	acceptable	acceptable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 provided	amod
4	provided	provide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	6 adult	det
6	adult	adult	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 enquires	nsubj
7	enquires	enquire	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 provided	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	provide	present · passive		Concealment					tree rules
2	enquire speech: other	present	no adult						vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Loyalty obliges one to conceal any wrongdoing of a friend

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Loyalty	loyalty	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 obliges	nsubj
2	obliges	oblige	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 obliges	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 conceal	mark
5	conceal	conceal	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 obliges	advcl
6	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	7 wrongdoing	det
7	wrongdoing	wrongdoing	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 conceal	obj
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 friend	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 friend	det
10	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 wrongdoing	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	oblige	present	Loyalty	one					vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient
2	conceal	to-infinitive	Loyalty not said here	any wrongdoing of a friend					vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wrongdoing=Patient

Option 4

Concealment protects the friend from all consequences

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Concealment	concealment	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 protects	nsubj
2	protects	protect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 friend	det
4	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 protects	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 consequences	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 consequences	det
7	consequences	consequence	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 protects	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	protect	present	Concealment		the friend			from all consequences	vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent friend=Beneficiary from consequence=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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