Exam question 2 · Farm animals and horses

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the manner of offering a treat to a horse?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: manner · What happens: follow, characteris, offer · To what, where: manner, treat, horse

This is exam question 2 of lesson 28 «Farm animals and horses» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 manner	det
10	manner	manner	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	SCONJ	_	12 offering	mark
12	offering	offer	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 manner	acl
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 treat	det
14	treat	treat	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 offering	obj
15	to	to	ADP	_	17 horse	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 horse	det
17	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 offering	obl
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the manner		of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	offer	gerund	the manner not said here	a treat	a horse		vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent treat=Theme to horse=Goal

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Upon a flat and open hand, so that the fingers are not bitten by mistake

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Upon	upon	ADP	_	6 hand	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 hand	det
3	flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 hand	amod
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 open	cc
5	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 flat	conj
6	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 bitten	punct
8	so	so	SCONJ	_	14 bitten	mark
9	that	that	SCONJ	_	14 bitten	mark
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 fingers	det
11	fingers	finger	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 bitten	nsubj:pass
12	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 bitten	aux:pass
13	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 bitten	advmod
14	bitten	bite	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 hand	conj
15	by	by	ADP	_	16 mistake	case
16	mistake	mistake	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 bitten	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not bite	present · passive	mistake	the fingers					vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Option 2

Held in a closed fist until the horse sniffs it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Held	hold	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
2	in	in	ADP	_	5 fist	case
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 fist	det
4	closed	close	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 fist	amod
5	fist	fist	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Held	obl
6	until	until	SCONJ	_	9 sniffs	mark
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 horse	det
8	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 sniffs	nsubj
9	sniffs	sniff	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Held	advcl
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 sniffs	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	hold	participle			a closed fist	vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in fist=Location
2	close	participle				vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	sniff	present	the horse	fist		vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Option 3

Between the fingertips, held close to the mouth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Between	between	ADP	_	3 fingertips	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 fingertips	det
3	fingertips	fingertip	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 held	punct
5	held	hold	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 fingertips	acl
6	close	close	ADV	Degree=Pos	5 held	advmod
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 mouth	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 mouth	det
9	mouth	mouth	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 close	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	participle		the fingertips not said here				close property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Thrown upon the ground beneath the horse

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Thrown	throw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
2	upon	upon	ADP	_	4 ground	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 ground	det
4	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Thrown	obl
5	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	7 horse	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 horse	det
7	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Thrown	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	throw	participle				the ground		beneath the horse	vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent upon ground=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/28-farm-animals-and-horses/e2/