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Test 2 · ★ · Illusions that fool the eye and adverts that fool the wallet

A pencil in a glass of water seems to break at the water's surface. What is happening?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: pencil · What happens: seem, break, happen · To what, where: surface

This is test 2 · ★ of lesson 280 «Illusions that fool the eye and adverts that fool the wallet» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A pencil in a glass of water seems to break at the water's surface.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 pencil	det
2	pencil	pencil	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 seems	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 glass	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 glass	det
5	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pencil	nmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 water	case
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 glass	nmod
8	seems	seem	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	to	to	PART	_	10 break	mark
10	break	break	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 seems	xcomp
11	at	at	ADP	_	15 surface	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 water	det
13	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 surface	nmod:poss
14	's	's	PART	_	13 water	case
15	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 break	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 seems	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	seem	present	a pencil in a glass of water						vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute
2	break	to-infinitive	a pencil in a glass of water not said here			the water's surface			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at surface=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is happening?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 happening	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 happening	aux
3	happening	happen	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 happening	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	present · progressive							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The water is pushing the two halves of the pencil apart

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 water	det
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 pushing	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 pushing	aux
4	pushing	push	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 halves	det
6	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 halves	nummod
7	halves	half	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 pushing	obj
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 pencil	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 pencil	det
10	pencil	pencil	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 halves	nmod
11	apart	apart	ADV	_	4 pushing	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push	present · progressive	the water	the two halves of the pencil				apart property	vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent half=Theme

Option 2

The glass has a crack in it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 glass	det
2	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	nsubj
3	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 crack	det
5	crack	crack	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 it	case
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 has	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	the glass	a crack		crack			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crack=Patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Light bends as it passes between water and air

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bends	nsubj
2	bends	bend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	as	as	SCONJ	_	5 passes	mark
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 passes	nsubj
5	passes	pass	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 bends	advcl
6	between	between	ADP	_	7 water	case
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 passes	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 air	cc
9	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 water	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bend	present	Light						vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	pass	present	Light			water and air			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme between water=Location

Option 4

The pencil is made of two parts

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 pencil	det
2	pencil	pencil	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 made	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 made	aux:pass
4	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 parts	case
6	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 parts	nummod
7	parts	part	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · passive		the pencil				of two parts	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/280-illusions-and-adverts/t2/