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Test 3 · ★★ · Advert tricks and offers that are too good to be true

A shampoo says «4 out of 5 people prefer it» but only five people were asked. Which is TRUE?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: shampoo, 5 people · What happens: say, prefer, ask, be · To what, where: shampoo, five people · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 3 · ★★ of lesson 281 «Advert tricks and offers that are too good to be true» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A shampoo says «4 out of 5 people prefer it» but only five people were asked.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 shampoo	det
2	shampoo	shampoo	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 prefer	punct
5	4	4	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	10 prefer	nummod
6	out	out	ADP	_	10 prefer	mark
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 people	case
8	5	5	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	9 people	nummod
9	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 prefer	nsubj
10	prefer	prefer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 prefer	obj
12	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 prefer	punct
13	but	but	CCONJ	_	18 asked	cc
14	only	only	ADV	_	15 five	advmod
15	five	five	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	16 people	nummod
16	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 asked	nsubj:pass
17	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 asked	aux:pass
18	asked	ask	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 prefer	conj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a shampoo						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	prefer in a quote	present	5 people	shampoo					vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus
3	ask speech: ask	past · passive		five people					vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Which is TRUE?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 TRUE	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 TRUE	cop
3	TRUE	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 TRUE	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

All surveys ask millions of people

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 surveys	det
2	surveys	survey	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 ask	nsubj
3	ask	ask	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	millions	million	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 ask	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 people	case
6	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 millions	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ask speech: ask	present	all surveys	millions of people					vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent million=Recipient

Option 2

Small surveys are the most accurate

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 surveys	amod
2	surveys	survey	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 accurate	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 accurate	cop
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 accurate	det
5	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	6 accurate	advmod
6	accurate	accurate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Small surveys					accurate property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Five people is too small a group to prove much

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Five	five	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 people	nummod
2	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 small	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 small	cop
4	too	too	ADV	_	5 small	advmod
5	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 group	det
7	group	group	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 small	obl:unmarked
8	to	to	PART	_	9 prove	mark
9	prove	prove	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 small	advcl
10	much	much	ADV	_	9 prove	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Five people					a group obl:unmarked; small property	tree rules
2	prove	to-infinitive	Five people not said here						vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Four out of five is always a strong fact, however many people asked

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 fact	nsubj
2	out	out	ADP	_	4 five	case
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 five	case
4	five	five	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	1 Four	nmod
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 fact	cop
6	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	9 fact	advmod
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 fact	det
8	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 fact	amod
9	fact	fact	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 asked	ccomp
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 fact	punct
11	however	however	ADV	_	12 many	advmod
12	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 people	amod
13	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 asked	nsubj
14	asked	ask	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Four out five	a strong fact				always property	tree rules
2	ask speech: ask	past	many people						vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/281-advert-tricks-and-too-good-offers/t3/