Exam question 2 · Chain messages, lures and scam messages
Identify the principal reason for which a chain message threatening misfortune need not be forwarded.
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, chain message · What happens: identify, threaten, not forward · To what, where: principal reason, misfortune, chain message
This is exam question 2 of lesson 282 «Chain messages, lures and scam messages» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Identify | identify | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 reason | det |
| 3 | principal | principal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 reason | amod |
| 4 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Identify | obj |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 which | case |
| 6 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 forwarded | obl |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 message | det |
| 8 | chain | chain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 message | compound |
| 9 | message | message | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 forwarded | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | threatening | threaten | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 message | acl |
| 11 | misfortune | misfortune | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 threatening | obj |
| 12 | need | need | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 forwarded | aux |
| 13 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 15 forwarded | advmod |
| 14 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 15 forwarded | aux:pass |
| 15 | forwarded | forward | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 reason | acl:relcl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Identify | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | identify | imperative | you not said here | the principal reason | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme | ||||
| 2 | threaten | gerund | a chain message not said here | misfortune | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus misfortune=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | not forward | present · passive | a chain message | for the principal reason | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1
Forwarding it incurs a charge to the sender of the original message
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Forwarding | forward | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 incurs | csubj |
| 2 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 1 Forwarding | obj |
| 3 | incurs | incur | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 charge | det |
| 5 | charge | charge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 incurs | obj |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 sender | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 sender | det |
| 8 | sender | sender | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 incurs | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 message | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 message | det |
| 11 | original | original | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 message | amod |
| 12 | message | message | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 sender | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | forward | gerund | it | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | |||||
| 2 | incur | present | Forwarding | a charge | to the sender of the original message | tree rules |
Option 2
The message expires after a single day
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 message | det |
| 2 | message | message | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 expires | nsubj |
| 3 | expires | expire | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | after | after | ADP | _ | 7 day | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 day | det |
| 6 | single | single | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 day | amod |
| 7 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 expires | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | expire | present | the message | day | vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
No misfortune results from declining to forward it
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 3 results | det |
| 2 | misfortune | misfortune | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 results | compound |
| 3 | results | result | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 4 | from | from | SCONJ | _ | 5 declining | mark |
| 5 | declining | decline | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 results | acl |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 forward | mark |
| 7 | forward | forward | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 declining | xcomp |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 forward | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | decline | gerund | no misfortune results not said here | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | not forward | to-infinitive | no misfortune results not said here | it | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice
Only messages bearing a logo need be forwarded
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Only | only | ADV | _ | 2 messages | advmod |
| 2 | messages | message | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 need | nsubj |
| 3 | bearing | bear | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 messages | acl |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 logo | det |
| 5 | logo | logo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 bearing | obj |
| 6 | need | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 8 forwarded | aux:pass |
| 8 | forwarded | forward | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 need | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bear | gerund | messages not said here | a logo | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent logo=Patient | ||||
| 2 | need | present | messages | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | forward not said to happen | infinitive · passive | messages not said here | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP» |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/282-chain-messages-lures-and-scam-messages/e2/