Exam question 1 · Being gentle with small animals

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the correct manner of holding a small animal?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: correct manner · What happens: follow, characteris, hold · To what, where: correct manner, small animal

This is exam question 1 of lesson 288 «Being gentle with small animals» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 manner	det
10	correct	correct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 manner	amod
11	manner	manner	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	of	of	SCONJ	_	13 holding	mark
13	holding	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 manner	acl
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 animal	det
15	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 animal	amod
16	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 holding	obj
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the correct manner	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	hold	gerund	the correct manner not said here	a small animal		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Held high above the head

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Held	hold	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
2	high	high	ADV	Degree=Pos	1 Held	advmod
3	above	above	ADP	_	5 head	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 head	det
5	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Held	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	participle				the head		high property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme above head=Location

Option 2

By the ears, with one hand only

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	3 ears	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 ears	det
3	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 hand	punct
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 hand	case
6	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 hand	nummod
7	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ears	conj
8	only	only	ADV	_	7 hand	advmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

With both hands, supporting the body from underneath

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	With	with	ADP	_	3 hands	case
2	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	3 hands	det
3	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 supporting	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 hands	punct
5	supporting	support	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 body	det
7	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 supporting	obj
8	from	from	ADP	_	9 underneath	case
9	underneath	underneath	ADV	_	5 supporting	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	support	gerund		the body				with both hands	vn help-72.1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent body=Beneficiary with hand=Theme

Option 4

By the tail, so that it cannot struggle or escape from the hand

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	3 tail	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 tail	det
3	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 struggle	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 tail	punct
5	so	so	ADV	_	10 struggle	advmod
6	that	that	SCONJ	_	10 struggle	mark
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 struggle	nsubj
8	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 struggle	aux
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 struggle	advmod
10	struggle	struggle	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
11	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 escape	cc
12	escape	escape	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 struggle	conj
13	from	from	ADP	_	15 hand	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 hand	det
15	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 escape	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not struggle	can	tail					by the tail	vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	escape	infinitive	tail not said here			the hand			vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from hand=Initial_Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/288-being-gentle-with-small-animals/e1/