Exam question 1 · Lifting and carrying heavy things

Identify the posture which ought to be adopted for the purpose of raising a heavy object from the floor.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, purpose · What happens: identify, adopt, raise · To what, where: posture, heavy object, floor

This is exam question 1 of lesson 3 «Lifting and carrying heavy things» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 posture	det
3	posture	posture	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 adopted	nsubj:pass
5	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 adopted	aux
6	to	to	PART	_	8 adopted	mark
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 adopted	aux:pass
8	adopted	adopt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 posture	acl:relcl
9	for	for	ADP	_	11 purpose	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 purpose	det
11	purpose	purpose	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 adopted	obl
12	of	of	SCONJ	_	13 raising	mark
13	raising	raise	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 purpose	acl
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 object	det
15	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 object	amod
16	object	object	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 raising	obj
17	from	from	ADP	_	19 floor	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 floor	det
19	floor	floor	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 object	nmod
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the posture			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent posture=Theme
2	adopt	ought · passive	you not said here	the posture		for the purpose	vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
3	raise	gerund	the purpose not said here	a heavy object	the floor		vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent object=Theme from floor=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The body twisted to one side whilst the arms are extended

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 body	det
2	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 twisted	nsubj
3	twisted	twist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 side	case
5	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 side	nummod
6	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 twisted	obl
7	whilst	whilst	SCONJ	_	11 extended	mark
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 arms	det
9	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 extended	nsubj
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 extended	cop
11	extended	extended	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 twisted	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	twist	past	the body			one side			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to side=Trajectory
2	is	present	the arms					extended property	tree rules

Option 2

The object raised at arm's length away from the body

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 object	det
2	object	object	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 away	nsubj
3	raised	raise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 object	acl
4	at	at	ADP	_	7 length	case
5	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 length	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 arm	case
7	length	length	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 raised	obl
8	away	away	ADV	_	root	root
9	from	from	ADP	_	11 body	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 body	det
11	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 away	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	raise	participle		the object not said here		arm's length			vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent at length=Destination

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The knees bent and the back maintained upright and straight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 knees	det
2	knees	knee	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 bent	nsubj
3	bent	bend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 maintained	cc
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 back	det
6	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 maintained	nsubj
7	maintained	maintain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 bent	conj
8	upright	upright	ADV	_	7 maintained	advmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 straight	cc
10	straight	straight	ADV	_	8 upright	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bend	past	the knees						vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	maintain	past	the back					upright property	vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

The knees kept straight and the back bent forward from the hips

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 knees	det
2	knees	knee	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 kept	nsubj
3	kept	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	straight	straight	ADV	_	3 kept	advmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 bent	cc
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 back	det
7	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 bent	nsubj
8	bent	bend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 kept	conj
9	forward	forward	ADV	_	8 bent	advmod
10	from	from	ADP	_	12 hips	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 hips	det
12	hips	hip	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 bent	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	past	the knees					straight property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	bend	past	the back			the hips		forward property	vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from hip=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/3-lifting-and-carrying/e1/