Exam question 2 · Lifting and carrying heavy things

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the proper manner of wearing a school backpack?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: proper manner · What happens: follow, characteris, wear · To what, where: proper manner, school backpack

This is exam question 2 of lesson 3 «Lifting and carrying heavy things» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 manner	det
10	proper	proper	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 manner	amod
11	manner	manner	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	of	of	SCONJ	_	13 wearing	mark
13	wearing	wear	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 manner	acl
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 backpack	det
15	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 backpack	compound
16	backpack	backpack	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 wearing	obj
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the proper manner	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	wear	gerund	the proper manner not said here	a school backpack		vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent backpack=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It should be worn loosely so that it hangs below the waist

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 worn	nsubj:pass
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 worn	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 worn	aux:pass
4	worn	wear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	loosely	loosely	ADV	_	4 worn	advmod
6	so	so	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	9 hangs	mark
7	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 so	fixed
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 hangs	nsubj
9	hangs	hang	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 worn	advcl
10	below	below	ADP	_	12 waist	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 waist	det
12	waist	waist	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 hangs	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wear	should · passive		It				loosely property	vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme
2	hang	present	it			the waist			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent below waist=Location

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

It should be worn upon one shoulder in order to rest the other

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 worn	nsubj:pass
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 worn	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 worn	aux:pass
4	worn	wear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 shoulder	case
6	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 shoulder	nummod
7	shoulder	shoulder	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 worn	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 order	case
9	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 worn	obl
10	to	to	PART	_	11 rest	mark
11	rest	rest	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 worn	advcl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 other	det
13	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 rest	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wear	should · passive		It		order		upon one shoulder	vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme
2	rest	to-infinitive		the other					vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location other=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It should be worn upon both shoulders, the heavier books being placed nearest the back

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 worn	nsubj:pass
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 worn	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 worn	aux:pass
4	worn	wear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 shoulders	case
6	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	7 shoulders	det
7	shoulders	shoulder	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 worn	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 placed	punct
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 books	det
10	heavier	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	11 books	amod
11	books	book	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 placed	nsubj:pass
12	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 placed	aux:pass
13	placed	place	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 worn	conj
14	nearest	nearest	ADP	_	16 back	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 back	det
16	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 placed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wear	should · passive		It				upon both shoulders	vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme
2	place	gerund · passive		the heavier books				nearest the back	vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: subject=Theme

Option 4

It should be held in one hand by its top loop

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 held	nsubj:pass
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 held	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 held	aux:pass
4	held	hold	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 hand	case
6	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 hand	nummod
7	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 held	obl
8	by	by	ADP	_	11 loop	case
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 loop	nmod:poss
10	top	top	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 loop	amod
11	loop	loop	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 held	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	should · passive	hand's top loop	It		one hand			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent subject=Theme in hand=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/3-lifting-and-carrying/e2/