Test 7 · ★ · Outdoor games, playgrounds and the rules of sports

Which is true about the cricket bowling rule?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: cricket · What happens: be, bowl · To what, where: rule

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 304 «Outdoor games, playgrounds and the rules of sports» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	about	about	ADP	_	6 cricket	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 cricket	det
6	cricket	cricket	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 true	obl
7	bowling	bowl	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 cricket	acl
8	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 bowling	obj
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						about the cricket; true property	tree rules
2	bowl	gerund	the cricket not said here	rule					vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Bending and straightening the arm to throw the ball is against the rules

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bending	bend	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	13 rules	csubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 straightening	cc
3	straightening	straighten	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Bending	conj
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 arm	det
5	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 straightening	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 throw	mark
7	throw	throw	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 straightening	advcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 ball	det
9	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 throw	obj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 rules	cop
11	against	against	ADP	_	13 rules	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 rules	det
13	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	bend	gerund				vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	straighten	gerund		the arm		vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent arm=Patient
3	throw	to-infinitive		the ball		vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ball=Theme
4	is	present	Bending		against the rules	tree rules

Option 2

Bowlers may throw the ball overarm like a baseball pitcher, as long as they are aiming at the stumps

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bowlers	bowler	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 throw	nsubj
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 throw	aux
3	throw	throw	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 ball	det
5	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 overarm	nsubj
6	overarm	overarm	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 throw	ccomp
7	like	like	ADP	_	10 pitcher	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 pitcher	det
9	baseball	baseball	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 pitcher	compound
10	pitcher	pitcher	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 overarm	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 long	punct
12	as	as	ADV	_	13 long	advmod
13	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	3 throw	advmod
14	as	as	SCONJ	_	17 aiming	mark
15	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 aiming	nsubj
16	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 aiming	aux
17	aiming	aim	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 long	advcl
18	at	at	ADP	_	20 stumps	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 stumps	det
20	stumps	stump	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 aiming	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	throw	may	Bowlers		long property	tree rules
2	overarm	present	the ball		like a baseball pitcher	tree rules
3	aim	present · progressive	Bowlers = bowler	the stumps		vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Bowlers must always bend the arm hard at the elbow so the ball goes faster

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bowlers	bowler	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 bend	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 bend	aux
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 bend	advmod
4	bend	bend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 arm	det
6	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 bend	obj
7	hard	hard	ADV	Degree=Pos	4 bend	advmod
8	at	at	ADP	_	10 elbow	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 elbow	det
10	elbow	elbow	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 bend	obl
11	so	so	SCONJ	_	14 goes	mark
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 ball	det
13	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 goes	nsubj
14	goes	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 bend	advcl
15	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	14 goes	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bend	must	Bowlers	the arm		the elbow		always, hard property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent arm=Theme at elbow=Location
2	go	present	the ball					fast property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Bowlers may throw the ball like a baseball

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bowlers	bowler	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 throw	nsubj
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 throw	aux
3	throw	throw	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 ball	det
5	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 throw	obj
6	like	like	ADP	_	8 baseball	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 baseball	det
8	baseball	baseball	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 throw	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	throw	may	Bowlers	the ball				like a baseball	vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ball=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/304-outdoor-games-and-sports-rules/t7/