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Test 4 · ★ · Coins, pocket money, saving, spending wisely and planning…

A boy buys a cheap umbrella every month because each one breaks in the wind. What would be a wiser choice?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: boy, one · What happens: buy, break, be · To what, where: cheap umbrella, wind, wiser choice

This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 308 «Coins, pocket money, saving, spending wisely and planning time» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A boy buys a cheap umbrella every month because each one breaks in the wind.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 boy	det
2	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 buys	nsubj
3	buys	buy	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 umbrella	det
5	cheap	cheap	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 umbrella	amod
6	umbrella	umbrella	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 buys	obj
7	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	8 month	det
8	month	month	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 buys	obl:unmarked
9	because	because	SCONJ	_	12 breaks	mark
10	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	11 one	det
11	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 breaks	nsubj
12	breaks	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 buys	advcl
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 wind	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 wind	det
15	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 breaks	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 buys	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	buy	present	a boy	a cheap umbrella			month		vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent umbrella=Theme
2	break	present	each one			the wind			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wind=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What would be a wiser choice?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	6 choice	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 choice	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 choice	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 choice	det
5	wiser	wise	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 choice	amod
6	choice	choice	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 choice	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	would		a wiser choice					tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Never buy an umbrella and stay at home when it rains

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	2 buy	advmod
2	buy	buy	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 umbrella	det
4	umbrella	umbrella	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 buy	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 stay	cc
6	stay	stay	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 buy	conj
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 home	case
8	home	home	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 stay	obl
9	when	when	SCONJ	_	11 rains	mark
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 rains	nsubj
11	rains	rain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 stay	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not buy	imperative	you not said here	a umbrella					vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent umbrella=Theme
2	stay	infinitive	you not said here			home			vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at home=Location
3	rain	present	it						vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Pay a little more once for an umbrella that lasts

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pay	pay	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 little	det
3	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Pay	obl:unmarked
4	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	5 once	advmod
5	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	1 Pay	advmod
6	for	for	ADP	_	8 umbrella	case
7	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 umbrella	det
8	umbrella	umbrella	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Pay	obl
9	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 lasts	nsubj
10	lasts	last	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 umbrella	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pay	imperative	you not said here	a little				for a umbrella; once property	vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent for umbrella=Theme
2	last	present	a umbrella						vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme

Option 3

Keep buying the cheapest one every month

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	buying	buy	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Keep	xcomp
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 one	det
4	cheapest	cheap	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 one	amod
5	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 buying	obj
6	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	7 month	det
7	month	month	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 buying	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	imperative	you not said here						tree rules
2	buy	gerund	you not said here	the cheapest one			month		vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme

Option 4

Buy two cheap umbrellas at once

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Buy	buy	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 umbrellas	nummod
3	cheap	cheap	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 umbrellas	amod
4	umbrellas	umbrella	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Buy	obj
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 once	case
6	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	1 Buy	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	buy	imperative	you not said here	two cheap umbrellas					vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent umbrella=Theme at once=Asset

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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