Exam question 1 · Rainbows, beach earthquakes, lambs, blackberries, cacti, f…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the formation of a rainbow?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: formation

This is exam question 1 of lesson 326 «Rainbows, beach earthquakes, lambs, blackberries, cacti, fire ants and bee stings» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 formation	det
10	formation	formation	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 rainbow	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 rainbow	det
13	rainbow	rainbow	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 formation	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the formation of a rainbow				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Rain falls in coloured drops, each with its own colour

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 falls	nsubj
2	falls	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 drops	case
4	coloured	coloured	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 drops	amod
5	drops	drop	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 falls	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 each	punct
7	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	5 drops	appos
8	with	with	ADP	_	11 colour	case
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 colour	nmod:poss
10	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 colour	amod
11	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 each	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall	present	Rain			coloured drops			vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in drop=Location

Option 2

Light from the Moon divides in the air

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 divides	nsubj
2	from	from	ADP	_	4 Moon	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Moon	det
4	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Light	nmod
5	divides	divide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 air	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 air	det
8	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 divides	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	divide	present	Light from the Moon			the air			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 3

Clouds reflect the colours of the ground

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 reflect	nsubj
2	reflect	reflect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 colours	det
4	colours	colour	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 reflect	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 ground	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 ground	det
7	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 colours	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reflect	present	Clouds	the colours of the ground					tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Sunlight bends inside raindrops and splits into colours

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bends	nsubj
2	bends	bend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	inside	inside	ADP	_	4 raindrops	case
4	raindrops	raindrop	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 bends	obl
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 splits	cc
6	splits	split	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 bends	conj
7	into	into	ADP	_	8 colours	case
8	colours	colour	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 splits	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bend	present	Sunlight			raindrops			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent inside raindrop=Location
2	split	present	Sunlight not said here					into colours result	vn break-45.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Patient into colour=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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