Exam question 2 · Rainbows, beach earthquakes, lambs, blackberries, cacti, f…

Identify the principal reason for which a person cannot reach the end of a rainbow.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, person · What happens: identify, not reach · To what, where: principal reason, end

This is exam question 2 of lesson 326 «Rainbows, beach earthquakes, lambs, blackberries, cacti, fire ants and bee stings» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 reach	obl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 person	det
8	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 reach	nsubj
9	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 reach	aux
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 reach	advmod
11	reach	reach	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 reason	acl:relcl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 end	det
13	end	end	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 reach	obj
14	of	of	ADP	_	16 rainbow	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 rainbow	det
16	rainbow	rainbow	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 end	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	not reach	can	a person	the end of a rainbow				for the principal reason	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent end=Theme for which=Beneficiary

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It disappears at nightfall

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 disappears	nsubj
2	disappears	disappear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	at	at	ADP	_	4 nightfall	case
4	nightfall	nightfall	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 disappears	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	disappear	present	It			nightfall			vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

It is guarded by law

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 guarded	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 guarded	aux:pass
3	guarded	guard	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 law	case
5	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 guarded	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	guard	present · passive	law	It					vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Beneficiary

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It depends on where the observer stands and moves with them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 depends	nsubj
2	depends	depend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	on	on	SCONJ	_	7 stands	mark
4	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	7 stands	advmod
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 observer	det
6	observer	observer	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 stands	nsubj
7	stands	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 depends	advcl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 moves	cc
9	moves	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 depends	conj
10	with	with	ADP	_	11 them	case
11	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 moves	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	depend	present	It		vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent
2	stand	present	the observer		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	move	present		with them = they	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

It is located far out over the sea, beyond the horizon

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 located	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 located	aux:pass
3	located	locate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	5 out	advmod
5	out	out	ADV	_	3 located	advmod
6	over	over	ADP	_	8 sea	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 sea	det
8	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 located	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 horizon	punct
10	beyond	beyond	ADP	_	12 horizon	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 horizon	det
12	horizon	horizon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 located	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	locate	present · passive		It		the sea		beyond the horizon; out property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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