Exam question 1 · Walking, seat belts, buses, airports, bike helmets, queues…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the purpose of a booster seat?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: booster seat · What happens: follow, characteris, purpose · To what, where: purpose

This is exam question 1 of lesson 331 «Walking, seat belts, buses, airports, bike helmets, queues and tipping» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 purpose	det
10	purpose	purpose	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 seat	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 seat	det
13	booster	booster	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 seat	compound
14	seat	seat	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 purpose	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the purpose of a booster seat	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	purpose		a booster seat			nom purpose «cognition intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It lifts the child so the belt sits on the strong bones of hips and chest

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 lifts	nsubj
2	lifts	lift	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 child	det
4	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lifts	obj
5	so	so	SCONJ	_	8 sits	mark
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 belt	det
7	belt	belt	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sits	nsubj
8	sits	sit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 lifts	advcl
9	on	on	ADP	_	12 bones	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 bones	det
11	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 bones	amod
12	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 sits	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 hips	case
14	hips	hip	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 bones	nmod
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 chest	cc
16	chest	chest	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 hips	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lift	present	It	the child					vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Theme
2	sit	present	the belt			the strong bones of hips and chest			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on bone=Location

Option 2

It replaces the seat belt

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 replaces	nsubj
2	replaces	replace	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 belt	det
4	seat	seat	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 belt	compound
5	belt	belt	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 replaces	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	replace	present	It	the seat belt					vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme belt=Co-Theme

Option 3

It makes the child more comfortable only

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 child	det
4	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	obj
5	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	6 comfortable	advmod
6	comfortable	comfortable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 makes	xcomp
7	only	only	ADV	_	6 comfortable	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	It	the child				comfortable property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material child=Product

Option 4

It allows the child to see out of the window and so prevents travel sickness

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 allows	nsubj
2	allows	allow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 child	det
4	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 allows	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 see	mark
6	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 allows	advcl
7	out	out	ADP	_	10 window	case
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 window	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 window	det
10	window	window	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 see	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 travel	cc
12	so	so	ADV	_	14 travel	advmod
13	prevents	prevent	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 travel	nsubj
14	travel	travel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 allows	conj
15	sickness	sickness	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 travel	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	roles by
1	allow	present	It		the child	vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Beneficiary
2	see out	to-infinitive		the window		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer window=Stimulus
3	travel	present	prevents	sickness		vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme sickness=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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