Test 5 · ★ · Walking, seat belts, buses, airports, bike helmets, queues…

A boy's helmet is so loose it wobbles when he shakes his head. Why does this matter?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: helmet, boy · What happens: be, wobble, shake, do · To what, where: head, matter

This is test 5 · ★ of lesson 331 «Walking, seat belts, buses, airports, bike helmets, queues and tipping» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A boy's helmet is so loose it wobbles when he shakes his head.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 boy	det
2	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 helmet	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 boy	case
4	helmet	helmet	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 loose	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 loose	cop
6	so	so	ADV	_	7 loose	advmod
7	loose	loose	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 wobbles	nsubj
9	wobbles	wobble	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 loose	conj
10	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	12 shakes	advmod
11	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 shakes	nsubj
12	shakes	shake	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 wobbles	advcl
13	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 head	nmod:poss
14	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 shakes	obj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 loose	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	a boy's helmet		loose property	tree rules
2	wobble	present	helmet			vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	shake	present	boy	boy's head		vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent head=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why does this matter?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Why	conj
3	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 matter	det
4	matter	matter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 does	obj
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	present		this matter					vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent matter=Eventuality

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

A loose helmet may move or come off and not protect him in a fall

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 helmet	det
2	loose	loose	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 helmet	amod
3	helmet	helmet	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 move	nsubj
4	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 move	aux
5	move	move	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 come	cc
7	come	come	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 move	conj
8	off	off	ADP	_	7 come	compound:prt
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 protect	cc
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 protect	advmod
11	protect	protect	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 move	conj
12	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 protect	obj
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 fall	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 fall	det
15	fall	fall	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 protect	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	to whom	where	roles by
1	move	may	a loose helmet			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
2	come off	infinitive	a loose helmet not said here			vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme
3	not protect	infinitive	a loose helmet not said here	him = he	a fall	vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary

Option 2

It only matters when riding uphill

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 matters	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 matters	advmod
3	matters	matter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	5 riding	advmod
5	riding	ride	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 matters	advcl
6	uphill	uphill	ADV	_	5 riding	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	matter	present	It						vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus
2	ride	gerund						uphill property	vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

It is fine as long as the strap is open

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 fine	expl
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 fine	cop
3	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	as	as	ADV	_	5 long	advmod
5	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	3 fine	advmod
6	as	as	SCONJ	_	10 open	mark
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 strap	det
8	strap	strap	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 open	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 open	cop
10	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 long	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						fine, long property	tree rules
2	is	present	the strap					open property	tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Loose helmets protect better because they bounce off the ground when you land

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Loose	loose	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 helmets	amod
2	helmets	helmet	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 protect	nsubj
3	protect	protect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	better	well	ADV	Degree=Cmp	3 protect	advmod
5	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 bounce	mark
6	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 bounce	nsubj
7	bounce	bounce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 protect	advcl
8	off	off	ADP	_	10 ground	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 ground	det
10	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 bounce	obl
11	when	when	SCONJ	_	13 land	mark
12	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	13 land	nsubj
13	land	land	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 bounce	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	protect	present	Loose helmets		well property	vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
2	bounce off	present	helmets = helmet	the ground		vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ground=Agent
3	land	present	you			vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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