Exam question 1 · Saying no honestly, harmful lies, cheating in games and te…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the lesson of «The Boy Who Cried Wolf»?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Boy · What happens: follow, characteris, cry · To what, where: lesson

This is exam question 1 of lesson 333 «Saying no honestly, harmful lies, cheating in games and tests, jokes and teasing» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 lesson	det
10	lesson	lesson	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 Boy	case
12	«	«	PUNCT	_	14 Boy	punct
13	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 Boy	det
14	Boy	Boy	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 lesson	nmod
15	Who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	16 Cried	nsubj
16	Cried	cry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 Boy	acl:relcl
17	Wolf	Wolf	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 Cried	flat
18	»	»	PUNCT	_	14 Boy	punct
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the lesson of the Boy	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	cry speech: express in a quote	past	the Boy			vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Liars are always believed in the end, however often they lie

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Liars	liar	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 believed	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 believed	aux:pass
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 believed	advmod
4	believed	believe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 end	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 end	det
7	end	end	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 believed	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 lie	punct
9	however	however	ADV	_	12 lie	advmod
10	often	often	ADV	_	12 lie	advmod
11	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 lie	nsubj
12	lie	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 believed	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	believe	present · passive		Liars			in the end	always property	vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus
2	lie	present	Liars = liar					however, often property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Wolves attack only shepherds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wolves	wolf	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 attack	nsubj
2	attack	attack	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 shepherds	advmod
4	shepherds	shepherd	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 attack	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	attack	present	Wolves	shepherds					vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shepherd=Patient

Option 3

Crying for help is always wrong

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Crying	cry	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 wrong	csubj
2	for	for	ADP	_	3 help	case
3	help	help	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Crying	obl
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 wrong	cop
5	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	6 wrong	advmod
6	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cry speech: express	gerund						for help	vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S_INF»: agent=Agent for help=Recipient
2	is	present	Crying					always, wrong property	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

One who lies often is not believed when truly in need

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 believed	nsubj:pass
2	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 lies	nsubj
3	lies	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 One	acl:relcl
4	often	often	ADV	_	3 lies	advmod
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 believed	aux:pass
6	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 believed	advmod
7	believed	believe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	9 truly	advmod
9	truly	truly	ADV	_	7 believed	advmod
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 need	case
11	need	need	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 believed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lie	present						often property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	not believe	present · passive		One		need		truly property	vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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