Exam question 1 · Borrowing without asking

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the removal of an article without the permission of its owner, with the intention of its subsequent return.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, response, established facts, intention · What happens: select, be, establish, concern, remove, permit · To what, where: response, removal, article, owner, subsequent return

This is exam question 1 of lesson 339 «Borrowing without asking» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 facts	acl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 removal	det
13	removal	removal	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 concerning	obj
14	of	of	ADP	_	16 article	case
15	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 article	det
16	article	article	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 removal	nmod
17	without	without	ADP	_	19 permission	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 permission	det
19	permission	permission	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 concerning	obl
20	of	of	ADP	_	22 owner	case
21	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	22 owner	nmod:poss
22	owner	owner	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 permission	nmod
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 intention	punct
24	with	with	ADP	_	26 intention	case
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 intention	det
26	intention	intention	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	parataxis
27	of	of	ADP	_	30 return	case
28	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	30 return	nmod:poss
29	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 return	amod
30	return	return	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 intention	nmod
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response		with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the removal of a article	without the permission of permission's owner	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus removal=Experiencer
5	remove			a article		nom removal «act transitive»: of=patient
6	permit			permission's owner		nom permission «communication transitive»: of=patient
7	intend			intention's subsequent return		nom intention «cognition transitive»: of=patient
8	return		intention			nom return «communication intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It constitutes borrowing and is therefore entirely permissible

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	borrowing	borrow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 constitutes	xcomp
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 permissible	cc
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 permissible	cop
6	therefore	therefore	ADV	_	8 permissible	advmod
7	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	8 permissible	advmod
8	permissible	permissible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 constitutes	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	It		tree rules
2	borrow	gerund			vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	is	present		entirely, permissible, therefore property	tree rules

Option 2

It is permissible where the owner possesses a surplus of such articles

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 permissible	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 permissible	cop
3	permissible	permissible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	7 possesses	advmod
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 owner	det
6	owner	owner	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 possesses	nsubj
7	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 permissible	advcl
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 surplus	det
9	surplus	surplus	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 possesses	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 articles	case
11	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 articles	amod
12	articles	article	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 surplus	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					permissible property	tree rules
2	possess	present	the owner	a surplus of such articles					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot surplus=Theme

Option 3

It is permissible provided the article is returned undamaged and within a reasonable time

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 permissible	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 permissible	cop
3	permissible	permissible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	provided	provide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 returned	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 article	det
6	article	article	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 returned	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 returned	aux:pass
8	returned	return	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 permissible	advcl
9	undamaged	undamaged	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 returned	xcomp
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 time	cc
11	within	within	ADP	_	14 time	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 time	det
13	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 time	amod
14	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 permissible	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	It		permissible property	tree rules
2	provide	participle				vn ensure-99 «NP V that S»: agent=Precondition
3	return	present · passive		the article	undamaged property	vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It constitutes taking without consent and is not properly described as borrowing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	taking	take	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 constitutes	xcomp
4	without	without	ADP	_	5 consent	case
5	consent	consent	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 taking	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 described	cc
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 described	aux:pass
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 described	advmod
9	properly	properly	ADV	_	10 described	advmod
10	described	describe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 constitutes	conj
11	as	as	ADP	_	12 borrowing	case
12	borrowing	borrowing	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 described	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	It		tree rules
2	take	gerund		without consent	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	not describe	present · passive		as borrowing; properly property	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: as borrowing=Attribute

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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