Test 11 · ★★ · Borrowing without asking Swapper: «you can have my card if I can have yours?» Noah says yes. Why is this fine when taking wasn't?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, I, Noah, this · What happens: have, say, be, take, not be · To what, where: card, yours · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 11 · ★★ of lesson 339 «Borrowing without asking» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Swapper: «you can have my card if I can have yours?»
punct punct nsubj aux parataxis nmod:poss obj mark nsubj aux advcl obj punct punct root Swapper NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT you PRON can AUX have VERB my PRON card NOUN if SCONJ I PRON can AUX have VERB yours PRON ? PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Swapper swapper NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 : : PUNCT _ 1 Swapper punct 3 « « PUNCT _ 6 have punct 4 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 have nsubj 5 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 have aux 6 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Swapper parataxis 7 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 card nmod:poss 8 card card NOUN Number=Sing 6 have obj 9 if if SCONJ _ 12 have mark 10 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 12 have nsubj 11 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 12 have aux 12 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 have advcl 13 yours your PRON Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 have obj 14 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 have punct 15 » » PUNCT _ 6 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have in a quote can you my card vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent card=Patient 2 have a condition, not said to happen, in a quote can I yours vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent your=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Noah says yes.
nsubj ccomp punct root Noah PROPN says VERB yes INTJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Noah Noah PROPN Number=Sing 2 says nsubj 2 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 yes yes INTJ Polarity=Pos 2 says ccomp 4 . . PUNCT _ 2 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Noah vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Sentence 3: Why is this fine when taking wasn't?
advmod cop nsubj advmod advcl ccomp advmod punct root Why ADV is AUX this PRON fine ADJ when ADV taking VERB was VERB n't PART ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Why why ADV PronType=Int 4 fine advmod 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 fine cop 3 this this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 4 fine nsubj 4 fine fine ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 taking advmod 6 taking take VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 fine advcl 7 was be VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 taking ccomp 8 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 7 was advmod 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 fine punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present this fine property tree rules 2 take gerund this not said here vn require-103 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Precondition 3 not be past this not said here vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer Both boys agree, so it's a fair swap
det nsubj punct advmod nsubj cop det amod obl root Both DET boys NOUN agree VERB , PUNCT so ADV it PRON 's AUX a DET fair ADJ swap NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Both both DET PronType=Tot 2 boys det 2 boys boy NOUN Number=Plur 3 agree nsubj 3 agree agree VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 10 swap punct 5 so so ADV _ 10 swap advmod 6 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 swap nsubj 7 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 swap cop 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 swap det 9 fair fair ADJ Degree=Pos 10 swap amod 10 swap swap NOUN Number=Sing 3 agree obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 agree speech: agree present both boys vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is a present it a fair swap tree rules
Option 2 The card is cheaper now
det nsubj cop advmod root The DET card NOUN is AUX cheaper ADJ now ADV The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 card det 2 card card NOUN Number=Sing 4 cheaper nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 cheaper cop 4 cheaper cheap ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 5 now now ADV PronType=Dem 4 cheaper advmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the card now cheap property tree rules
Option 3 It isn't fine either
expl cop advmod advmod root It PRON is AUX n't PART fine ADJ either ADV The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 fine expl 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 fine cop 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 4 fine advmod 4 fine fine ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 either either ADV PronType=Ind 4 fine advmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is present either, fine property tree rules
Option 4 Swaps never count
nsubj advmod root Swaps NOUN never ADV count VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Swaps swap NOUN Number=Plur 3 count nsubj 2 never never ADV PronType=Neg 3 count advmod 3 count count VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not count present Swaps vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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