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Test 4 · ★★ · Borrowing without asking

Noah: «I already confessed nicking stuff once, so this time doesn't count». What is wrong with that?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Noah, time · What happens: confess, nick, not count, be · To what, where: stuff

This is test 4 · ★★ of lesson 339 «Borrowing without asking» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Noah: «I already confessed nicking stuff once, so this time doesn't count».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Noah	Noah	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 confessed	nsubj
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	1 Noah	punct
3	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 confessed	punct
4	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 confessed	nsubj
5	already	already	ADV	_	6 confessed	advmod
6	confessed	confess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	nicking	nick	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 confessed	xcomp
8	stuff	stuff	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 nicking	obj
9	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	7 nicking	advmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 count	punct
11	so	so	ADV	_	16 count	advmod
12	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	13 time	det
13	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 count	nsubj
14	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 count	aux
15	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 count	advmod
16	count	count	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 confessed	parataxis
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	16 count	punct
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 confessed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confess in a quote	past	Noah						vn confess-37.10 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	nick in a quote	gerund	Noah not said here	stuff				once property	vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stuff=Patient
3	not count in a quote	present · do-support	this time						vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is wrong with that?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 wrong	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	cop
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	5 that	case
5	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 wrong	obl
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 wrong	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						with that; wrong property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It only counts if he gets caught

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 counts	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 counts	advmod
3	counts	count	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	if	if	SCONJ	_	7 caught	mark
5	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 caught	nsubj:pass
6	gets	get	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 caught	aux:pass
7	caught	catch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 counts	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	count	present	It						vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus
2	catch a condition, not said to happen	present · passive		he					vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2

Nothing, one confession covers all the wrongs that come after

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	5 covers	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nothing	punct
3	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 confession	nummod
4	confession	confession	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 covers	nsubj
5	covers	cover	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 wrongs	det:predet
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 wrongs	det
8	wrongs	wrong	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 covers	obj
9	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 come	nsubj
10	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 wrongs	acl:relcl
11	after	after	ADV	_	10 come	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cover	present	Nothing	all wrongs					vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme wrong=Destination
2	come	present	all wrongs					after property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

He should never confess twice

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 confess	nsubj
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 confess	aux
3	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	4 confess	advmod
4	confess	confess	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	twice	twice	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	4 confess	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not confess	should	He					twice property	vn confess-37.10 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Each new wrong needs owning up and putting right too

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	4 needs	det
2	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 needs	amod
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 needs	amod
4	needs	need	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	owning	own	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 needs	acl
6	up	up	ADP	_	5 owning	compound:prt
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 putting	cc
8	putting	put	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 owning	conj
9	right	right	ADV	_	8 putting	advmod
10	too	too	ADV	_	8 putting	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	own up	gerund	each new wrong needs not said here						vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot
2	put	gerund	each new wrong needs not said here					right property	vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/339-borrowing-without-asking/t4/