Test 3 · ★★ · Borrowing without asking Swap club kid: «oi! who nicked my shiny card?» Noah has it. What makes it right?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: club kid, Noah · What happens: nick, have, make · To what, where: shiny card, card
This is test 3 · ★★ of lesson 339 «Borrowing without asking» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Swap club kid: «oi! who nicked my shiny card?»
compound compound nsubj punct punct nsubj punct nsubj nmod:poss amod obj punct punct root Swap NOUN club NOUN kid NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT oi X ! PUNCT who PRON nicked VERB my PRON shiny ADJ card NOUN ? PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Swap swap NOUN Number=Sing 2 club compound 2 club club NOUN Number=Sing 3 kid compound 3 kid kid NOUN Number=Sing 9 nicked nsubj 4 : : PUNCT _ 6 oi punct 5 « « PUNCT _ 6 oi punct 6 oi oi X Foreign=Yes 9 nicked nsubj 7 ! ! PUNCT _ 6 oi punct 8 who who PRON PronType=Rel 9 nicked nsubj 9 nicked nick VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 10 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 card nmod:poss 11 shiny shiny ADJ Degree=Pos 12 card amod 12 card card NOUN Number=Sing 9 nicked obj 13 ? ? PUNCT _ 9 nicked punct 14 » » PUNCT _ 9 nicked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 nick in a quote past club kid my shiny card vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent card=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Noah has it.
nsubj obj punct root Noah PROPN has VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Noah Noah PROPN Number=Sing 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 has obj 4 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Noah card vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
Sentence 3: What makes it right?
nsubj obj xcomp punct root What PRON makes VERB it PRON right ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 2 makes nsubj 2 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 makes obj 4 right right ADJ Degree=Pos 2 makes xcomp 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 2 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present card right property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material it=Product
The options Option 1 Swap it for a worse one secretly, so the owner still has a card
The tree, 14 words obj case det amod obl advmod punct advmod det nsubj advmod parataxis det obj root Swap VERB it PRON for ADP a DET worse ADJ one NOUN secretly ADV , PUNCT so ADV the DET owner NOUN still ADV has VERB a DET card NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Swap swap VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 1 Swap obj 3 for for ADP _ 6 one case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 one det 5 worse bad ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 one amod 6 one one NOUN Number=Sing 1 Swap obl 7 secretly secretly ADV _ 1 Swap advmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 13 has punct 9 so so ADV _ 13 has advmod 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 owner det 11 owner owner NOUN Number=Sing 13 has nsubj 12 still still ADV _ 13 has advmod 13 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Swap parataxis 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 card det 15 card card NOUN Number=Sing 13 has obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swap imperative you not said here it for a worse one; secretly property vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme for one=Co-Theme 2 have present the owner a card still vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent card=Patient
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer Put it back, own up and swap only when both agree
obj advmod punct conj compound:prt cc conj advmod mark nsubj advcl root Put VERB it PRON back ADV , PUNCT own VERB up ADP and CCONJ swap VERB only ADV when SCONJ both DET agree VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 1 Put obj 3 back back ADV _ 1 Put advmod 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 own punct 5 own own VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Put conj 6 up up ADP _ 5 own compound:prt 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 swap cc 8 swap swap VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Put conj 9 only only ADV _ 8 swap advmod 10 when when SCONJ _ 12 agree mark 11 both both DET PronType=Tot 12 agree nsubj 12 agree agree VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 swap advcl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put back imperative you not said here it vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent it=Goal 2 own up infinitive you not said here vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot 3 swap present you not said here vn substitute-13.6.2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme 4 agree speech: agree present both vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice Say it fell under the table
nsubj ccomp case det obl root Say VERB it PRON fell VERB under ADP the DET table NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Say say VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 fell nsubj 3 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 1 Say ccomp 4 under under ADP _ 6 table case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 table det 6 table table NOUN Number=Sing 3 fell obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert imperative you not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 fall past it the table vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme under table=Location
Option 4 Say nothing and stop coming
obj cc conj xcomp root Say VERB nothing PRON and CCONJ stop VERB coming VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Say say VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 nothing nothing PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 1 Say obj 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 stop cc 4 stop stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Say conj 5 coming come VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 stop xcomp
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert imperative you not said here nothing vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent nothing=Topic 2 stop present you not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 3 come gerund you not said here vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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