Test 8 · ★★ · Borrowing without asking

Kid: «I took a book out without signing, nobody noticed, so I'll keep doing it». Why is that wrong?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: I, nobody, that · What happens: take out, sign, notice, keep, do, be · To what, where: book

This is test 8 · ★★ of lesson 339 «Borrowing without asking» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Kid: «I took a book out without signing, nobody noticed, so I'll keep doing it».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Kid	kid	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 took	parataxis
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	1 Kid	punct
3	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 took	punct
4	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	5 took	nsubj
5	took	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 book	det
7	book	book	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 took	obj
8	out	out	ADP	_	5 took	compound:prt
9	without	without	SCONJ	_	10 signing	mark
10	signing	sign	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 took	advcl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 noticed	punct
12	nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	13 noticed	nsubj
13	noticed	notice	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 took	conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 keep	punct
15	so	so	ADV	_	18 keep	advmod
16	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	18 keep	nsubj
17	'll	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	18 keep	aux
18	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 noticed	ccomp
19	doing	do	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	18 keep	xcomp
20	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 doing	obj
21	»	»	PUNCT	_	18 keep	punct
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 took	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	take out in a quote	past	I	a book	tree rules
2	sign in a quote	gerund	I not said here		vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	notice in a quote	past	nobody		vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
4	keep in a quote	future	I		tree rules
5	do in a quote	gerund	I not said here	book	vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why is that wrong?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 wrong	advmod
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 wrong	cop
3	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 wrong	nsubj
4	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 wrong	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	that					wrong property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Others can't find or borrow the book, and it isn't fair

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 find	nsubj
2	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 find	aux
3	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 find	advmod
4	find	find	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 borrow	cc
6	borrow	borrow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 find	conj
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 book	det
8	book	book	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 borrow	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 fair	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 fair	cc
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 fair	nsubj
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 fair	cop
13	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 fair	advmod
14	fair	fair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 find	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not find	can	Others			vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent
2	borrow	infinitive	Others not said here	the book		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme
3	not is	present	book		fair property	tree rules

Option 2

It's fine if nobody noticed, the books all come back in the end

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 fine	expl
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 fine	cop
3	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	if	if	SCONJ	_	6 noticed	mark
5	nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	6 noticed	nsubj
6	noticed	notice	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 fine	advcl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 come	punct
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 books	det
9	books	book	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 come	nsubj
10	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	11 come	nsubj
11	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 fine	parataxis
12	back	back	ADV	_	11 come	advmod
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 end	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 end	det
15	end	end	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 come	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	when	other	roles by
1	is	present			fine property	tree rules
2	notice a condition, not said to happen	past	nobody			vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
3	come back	present	the books	in the end		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in end=Location

Option 3

Libraries don't need records

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Libraries	library	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 need	nsubj
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 need	aux
3	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 need	advmod
4	need	need	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	records	record	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 need	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not need	present · do-support	Libraries	records					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot record=Theme

Option 4

Books come back by themselves

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Books	book	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 come	nsubj
2	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	back	back	ADV	_	2 come	advmod
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 themselves	case
5	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	2 come	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come back	present	Books					by Books = book	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by themselves=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/339-borrowing-without-asking/t8/