Exam question 1 · Cheating in games and sports

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the resetting of a game by a participant who is losing.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, response, established facts, participant · What happens: select, be, establish, concern, reset, lose · To what, where: response

This is exam question 1 of lesson 341 «Cheating in games and sports» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 facts	acl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 resetting	det
13	resetting	reset	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 concerning	conj
14	of	of	ADP	_	16 game	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 game	det
16	game	game	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 resetting	obl
17	by	by	ADP	_	19 participant	case
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 participant	det
19	participant	participant	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 resetting	obl
20	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	22 losing	nsubj
21	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 losing	aux
22	losing	lose	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	19 participant	acl:relcl
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response		with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
5	reset	gerund	the established facts not said here		of a game; by a participant	tree rules
6	lose	present · progressive	a participant			vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It constitutes a legitimate tactic

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 tactic	det
4	legitimate	legitimate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 tactic	amod
5	tactic	tactic	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	It	a legitimate tactic					vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme tactic=Pivot

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It constitutes cheating and commonly causes other participants to cease playing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	cheating	cheat	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 constitutes	xcomp
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 causes	cc
5	commonly	commonly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 causes	nsubj
6	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 constitutes	conj
7	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 participants	amod
8	participants	participant	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 causes	obj
9	to	to	PART	_	10 cease	mark
10	cease	cease	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 causes	advcl
11	playing	play	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 cease	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	constitute	present	It		tree rules
2	cheat	gerund			vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	cause	present	commonly	other participants	vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition participant=Patient
4	cease	to-infinitive	commonly not said here		vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
5	play	gerund	commonly not said here		vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

It is of no consequence to other participants

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 consequence	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 consequence	cop
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 consequence	case
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 consequence	det
5	consequence	consequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 participants	case
7	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 participants	amod
8	participants	participant	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 consequence	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					of no consequence; to other participants	tree rules

Option 4

It is permissible where the game is electronic, since no physical object is affected

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 permissible	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 permissible	cop
3	permissible	permissible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	8 electronic	advmod
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 game	det
6	game	game	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 electronic	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 electronic	cop
8	electronic	electronic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 permissible	advcl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 affected	punct
10	since	since	SCONJ	_	15 affected	mark
11	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	13 object	det
12	physical	physical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 object	amod
13	object	object	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 affected	nsubj:pass
14	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 affected	aux:pass
15	affected	affect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 permissible	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	It		permissible property	tree rules
2	is	present	the game		electronic property	tree rules
3	affect	present · passive		no physical object		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/341-cheating-in-games-and-sports/e1/