Exam question 3 · Teasing and laughing at others

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a remark constituting a genuine jest?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: remark · What happens: follow, characteris, constitute · To what, where: remark, genuine jest

This is exam question 3 of lesson 346 «Teasing and laughing at others» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 remark	det
10	remark	remark	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	constituting	constitute	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 remark	acl
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 jest	det
13	genuine	genuine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 jest	amod
14	jest	jest	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 constituting	obj
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		a remark	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	constitute	gerund	a remark not said here	a genuine jest		vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme jest=Pivot

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is any remark not overheard by its subject

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 remark	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 remark	cop
3	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	4 remark	det
4	remark	remark	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 overheard	advmod
6	overheard	overhear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 remark	acl
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 subject	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 subject	nmod:poss
9	subject	subject	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 overheard	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	any remark					tree rules
2	not overhear	participle		any remark not said here				by remark's subject	vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer

Option 2

It is any remark at which a majority laughs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 remark	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 remark	cop
3	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	4 remark	det
4	remark	remark	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 laughs	obl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 majority	det
8	majority	majority	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 laughs	nsubj
9	laughs	laugh	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 remark	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	any remark					tree rules
2	laugh	present	a majority			any remark			vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

It is any remark made without malicious intent

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 remark	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 remark	cop
3	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	4 remark	det
4	remark	remark	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 remark	acl
6	without	without	ADP	_	8 intent	case
7	malicious	malicious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 intent	amod
8	intent	intent	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	any remark					tree rules
2	make	participle		any remark not said here				without malicious intent	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It is one at which the person concerned is also amused

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 one	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 one	cop
3	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 amused	obl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 person	det
7	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 amused	nsubj
8	concerned	concerned	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 person	amod
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 amused	cop
10	also	also	ADV	_	11 amused	advmod
11	amused	amused	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 one	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	one					tree rules
2	is	present	the person					amused property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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