Exam question 2 · Teasing and laughing at others

Identify the principal reason for which the exclusion of a single pupil from an invitation extended to an entire class is especially hurtful.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, exclusion · What happens: identify, extend, be, exclude · To what, where: principal reason, invitation, entire class, single pupil

This is exam question 2 of lesson 346 «Teasing and laughing at others» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	23 hurtful	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 exclusion	det
8	exclusion	exclusion	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 hurtful	nsubj
9	of	of	ADP	_	12 pupil	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 pupil	det
11	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 pupil	amod
12	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 exclusion	nmod
13	from	from	ADP	_	15 invitation	case
14	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 invitation	det
15	invitation	invitation	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 pupil	nmod
16	extended	extend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 invitation	acl
17	to	to	ADP	_	20 class	case
18	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 class	det
19	entire	entire	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 class	amod
20	class	class	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 extended	obl
21	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 hurtful	cop
22	especially	especially	ADV	_	23 hurtful	advmod
23	hurtful	hurtful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	acl:relcl
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	extend	participle		a invitation not said here	a entire class		vn contribute-13.2-2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to class=Recipient
3	is	present	the exclusion of a single pupil from a invitation			for the principal reason; especially, hurtful property	tree rules
4	exclude			a single pupil from a invitation			nom exclusion «state transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It singles out that pupil as the only person excluded

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 singles	nsubj
2	singles	single	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	out	out	ADP	_	2 singles	compound:prt
4	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 pupil	det
5	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 singles	obj
6	as	as	ADP	_	9 person	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 person	det
8	only	only	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 person	amod
9	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 singles	obl
10	excluded	exclude	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 person	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	single out	present	It	that pupil				as the only person	tree rules
2	exclude	participle		the only person not said here					vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Causer

Option 2

It is in no respect hurtful

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 respect	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 respect	cop
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 respect	case
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 respect	det
5	respect	respect	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	hurtful	hurtful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 respect	amod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It			no respect			tree rules

Option 3

It reduces the number of guests unduly and spoils the occasion

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 reduces	nsubj
2	reduces	reduce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 number	det
4	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reduces	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 guests	case
6	guests	guest	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 number	nmod
7	unduly	unduly	ADV	_	2 reduces	advmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 spoils	cc
9	spoils	spoil	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 reduces	conj
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 occasion	det
11	occasion	occasion	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 spoils	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reduce	present	It	the number of guests				unduly property	vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer number=Patient
2	spoil	present		the occasion					tree rules

Option 4

It is contrary to the law

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 contrary	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 contrary	cop
3	contrary	contrary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 law	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 law	det
6	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 contrary	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					to the law; contrary property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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