Exam question 1 · Cheek to grown-ups and saying sorry

Identify the principal reason for which a dare does not excuse a discourteous act.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, dare · What happens: identify, not excuse · To what, where: principal reason, discourteous act

This is exam question 1 of lesson 355 «Cheek to grown-ups and saying sorry» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 excuse	obl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 dare	det
8	dare	dare	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 excuse	nsubj
9	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 excuse	aux
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 excuse	advmod
11	excuse	excuse	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 reason	acl:relcl
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 act	det
13	discourteous	discourteous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 act	amod
14	act	act	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 excuse	obj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	not excuse	present · do-support	a dare	a discourteous act				for the principal reason	vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent act=Theme for which=Attribute

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Dares transfer responsibility to the challenger

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dares	dare	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 transfer	nsubj
2	transfer	transfer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 transfer	obj
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 challenger	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 challenger	det
6	challenger	challenger	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 transfer	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	transfer	present	Dares	responsibility	the challenger				vn contribute-13.2-2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent responsibility=Theme to challenger=Recipient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Responsibility rests with the person who performs the act

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Responsibility	responsibility	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 rests	nsubj
2	rests	rest	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	with	with	ADP	_	5 person	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 person	det
5	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 rests	obl
6	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 performs	nsubj
7	performs	perform	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 person	acl:relcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 act	det
9	act	act	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 performs	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rest	present	Responsibility					with the person	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	perform	present	the person	the act					vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent act=Theme

Option 3

Dares are prohibited by school regulations and therefore excuse nothing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dares	dare	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 prohibited	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 prohibited	aux:pass
3	prohibited	prohibit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 regulations	case
5	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 regulations	compound
6	regulations	regulation	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 prohibited	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 excuse	cc
8	therefore	therefore	ADV	_	9 excuse	advmod
9	excuse	excuse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 prohibited	conj
10	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	9 excuse	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prohibit	present · passive	school regulations	Dares					vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer subject=Theme
2	excuse	present	school regulations not said here	nothing				therefore property	vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Theme

Option 4

Discourtesy is excused only when unintended

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Discourtesy	discourtesy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 excused	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 excused	aux:pass
3	excused	excuse	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 unintended	advmod
5	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	6 unintended	advmod
6	unintended	unintend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 excused	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	excuse	present · passive		Discourtesy					tree rules
2	unintend	participle							tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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