Exam question 2 · Cheek to grown-ups and saying sorry

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the relationship between confession and the making of amends?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: amends · What happens: follow, characteris, make · To what, where: relationship

This is exam question 2 of lesson 355 «Cheek to grown-ups and saying sorry» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 relationship	det
10	relationship	relationship	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	between	between	ADP	_	12 confession	case
12	confession	confession	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 relationship	nmod
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 making	cc
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 making	det
15	making	making	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 relationship	conj
16	of	of	ADP	_	17 amends	case
17	amends	amend	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 making	nmod
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the relationship and the making of amends	of the following statements; between confession; accurately property	tree rules
3	make		amends			nom making «act intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Confession brings forgiveness but does not replace an apology to the person wronged

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Confession	confession	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 brings	nsubj
2	brings	bring	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	forgiveness	forgiveness	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 brings	obj
4	but	but	CCONJ	_	7 replace	cc
5	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 replace	aux
6	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 replace	advmod
7	replace	replace	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 brings	conj
8	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 apology	det
9	apology	apology	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 replace	obj
10	to	to	ADP	_	12 person	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 person	det
12	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 replace	obl
13	wronged	wrong	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 person	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	bring	present	Confession	forgiveness		vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent forgiveness=Theme
2	not replace	present · do-support	Confession not said here	a apology	to the person	vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme apology=Co-Theme
3	wrong	participle		the person not said here		tree rules

Option 2

Confession removes any obligation towards the person wronged

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Confession	confession	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 removes	nsubj
2	removes	remove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	4 obligation	det
4	obligation	obligation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 removes	obj
5	towards	towards	ADP	_	7 person	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 person	det
7	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 removes	obl
8	wronged	wrong	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 person	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	remove	present	Confession	any obligation				towards the person	vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent obligation=Theme
2	wrong	participle		the person not said here					tree rules

Option 3

Confession and amends are mutually exclusive

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Confession	confession	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 exclusive	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 amends	cc
3	amends	amend	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Confession	conj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 exclusive	cop
5	mutually	mutually	ADV	_	6 exclusive	advmod
6	exclusive	exclusive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Confession and amends					exclusive, mutually property	tree rules

Option 4

Amends are required only in those cases where confession has been refused

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Amends	amend	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 required	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 required	aux:pass
3	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	3 required	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 cases	case
6	those	that	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	7 cases	det
7	cases	case	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 required	obl
8	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	12 refused	advmod
9	confession	confession	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 refused	nsubj:pass
10	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 refused	aux
11	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	12 refused	aux:pass
12	refused	refuse	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 cases	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present · passive		Amends		that cases			vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Precondition
2	refuse	present · perfect · passive		confession					vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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