Exam question 2 · Peeking at presents and secrets

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises information obtained by listening at a closed door?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, obtain, listen, close · To what, where: information

This is exam question 2 of lesson 356 «Peeking at presents and secrets» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	information	information	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
10	obtained	obtain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 information	acl
11	by	by	SCONJ	_	12 listening	mark
12	listening	listen	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 obtained	advcl
13	at	at	ADP	_	16 door	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 door	det
15	closed	close	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 door	amod
16	door	door	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 listening	obl
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	information	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	obtain	participle	information not said here		vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
4	listen	gerund		at a closed door	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at door=Theme
5	close	participle			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It is frequently incomplete and liable to be misunderstood

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 liable	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 liable	cop
3	frequently	frequently	ADV	_	4 incomplete	advmod
4	incomplete	incomplete	ADV	_	6 liable	advmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 liable	cc
6	liable	liable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	to	to	PART	_	9 misunderstood	mark
8	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	9 misunderstood	aux:pass
9	misunderstood	misunderstand	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 liable	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					incomplete, liable property	tree rules
2	misunderstand	to-infinitive · passive							vn comprehend-87.2 «NP V how S»

Option 2

It is invariably more accurate than any answer which might be given directly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 accurate	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 accurate	cop
3	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	5 accurate	advmod
4	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	5 accurate	advmod
5	accurate	accurate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	than	than	ADP	_	8 answer	case
7	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	8 answer	det
8	answer	answer	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 accurate	obl
9	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 given	nsubj
10	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 given	aux
11	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	12 given	aux:pass
12	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 answer	acl:relcl
13	directly	directly	ADV	_	12 given	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					than any answer; accurate, invariably property	tree rules
2	give	might · passive		any answer				directly property	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 3

It is the recommended means of learning family news

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 means	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 means	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 means	det
4	recommended	recommend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 means	nsubj
5	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	of	of	SCONJ	_	7 learning	mark
7	learning	learn	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 means	advcl
8	family	family	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 news	compound
9	news	news	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 learning	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	recommend	participle				vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	It		mean property	tree rules
3	learn	gerund		family news		vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent news=Topic

Option 4

It cannot cause distress to the listener

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 cause	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 cause	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 cause	advmod
4	cause	cause	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	distress	distress	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cause	obj
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 listener	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 listener	det
8	listener	listener	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cause	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not cause	can	It	distress				to the listener	vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition distress=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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