Exam question 1 · Wasting food and water

Identify the principal reason for which the discarding of food is regarded as wasteful.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, regard · To what, where: principal reason, discarding

This is exam question 1 of lesson 360 «Wasting food and water» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 regarded	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 discarding	det
8	discarding	discarding	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 regarded	nsubj:pass
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 food	case
10	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 discarding	nmod
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 regarded	aux:pass
12	regarded	regard	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl:relcl
13	as	as	ADP	_	14 wasteful	case
14	wasteful	wasteful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 regarded	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	regard	present · passive		the discarding of food				for the principal reason; as wasteful	vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme for which=Attribute

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It squanders the money, resources and labour expended in its production

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 squanders	nsubj
2	squanders	squander	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 money	det
4	money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 expended	nsubj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 resources	punct
6	resources	resource	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 money	conj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 labour	cc
8	labour	labour	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 money	conj
9	expended	expend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 squanders	ccomp
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 production	case
11	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 production	nmod:poss
12	production	production	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 expended	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	roles by
1	squander	present	It		vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Goal
2	expend	past	the money and resources and labour	labour's production	tree rules
3	produce		labour		nom production «act transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

Food is of value only when expensive

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 value	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 value	cop
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 value	case
4	value	value	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	only	only	ADV	_	7 expensive	advmod
6	when	when	SCONJ	_	7 expensive	mark
7	expensive	expensive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 value	amod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Food					of value	tree rules

Option 3

Food cannot be discarded legally

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 discarded	nsubj:pass
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 discarded	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 discarded	advmod
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 discarded	aux:pass
5	discarded	discard	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	legally	legally	ADV	_	5 discarded	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not discard	can · passive		Food				legally property	vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 4

Food which has been discarded is replaced at no cost to anyone whatsoever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 replaced	nsubj:pass
2	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 discarded	nsubj:pass
3	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 discarded	aux
4	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	5 discarded	aux:pass
5	discarded	discard	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Food	acl:relcl
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 replaced	aux:pass
7	replaced	replace	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	at	at	ADP	_	10 cost	case
9	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	10 cost	det
10	cost	cost	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 replaced	obl
11	to	to	ADP	_	12 anyone	case
12	anyone	anyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	7 replaced	obl:agent
13	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	7 replaced	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	discard	present · perfect · passive		Food					vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	replace	present · passive	anyone	Food		no cost		whatsoever property	vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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