Test 4 · ★ · Speaking up is bravery too
«my legs were literally shaking when I said it». Does that make it less brave?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: legs, I, that · What happens: shake, say, make · To what, where: it · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 368 «Speaking up is bravery too» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: «my legs were literally shaking when I said it».
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 6 shaking | punct |
| 2 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 legs | nmod:poss |
| 3 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 shaking | nsubj |
| 4 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 shaking | aux |
| 5 | literally | literally | ADV | _ | 6 shaking | advmod |
| 6 | shaking | shake | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 7 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 9 said | advmod |
| 8 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 9 said | nsubj |
| 9 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 shaking | advcl |
| 10 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 said | obj |
| 11 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 6 shaking | punct |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 shaking | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shake in a quote | past · progressive | my legs | literally property | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert in a quote | past | I | it | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Does that make it less brave?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 make | aux |
| 2 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 make | nsubj |
| 3 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 make | obj |
| 5 | less | less | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 6 brave | advmod |
| 6 | brave | brave | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 make | xcomp |
| 7 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 make | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present · do-support | that | it | brave property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
No, because shaking means it was easy
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 5 means | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 means | punct |
| 3 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 5 means | mark |
| 4 | shaking | shaking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 means | nsubj |
| 5 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 easy | expl |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 easy | cop |
| 8 | easy | easy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 means | ccomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | shaking | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is | past | easy property | tree rules |
Option 2
Yes, brave means no shaking at all
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 3 brave | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | brave | brave | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 means | nsubj |
| 4 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 6 shaking | det |
| 6 | shaking | shaking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 means | obj |
| 7 | at | at | ADP | _ | 8 all | case |
| 8 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 6 shaking | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | brave | no shaking | all | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shaking=Topic |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
No, being scared and still saying it is brave
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 4 scared | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 scared | punct |
| 3 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 scared | cop |
| 4 | scared | scared | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 brave | parataxis |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 saying | cc |
| 6 | still | still | ADV | _ | 7 saying | advmod |
| 7 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 scared | conj |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 saying | obj |
| 9 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 brave | cop |
| 10 | brave | brave | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | gerund | scared property | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | gerund | it | still | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic | ||||
| 3 | is | present | brave property | tree rules |
Option 4
Yes, it only counts if you shout
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 5 counts | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 counts | nsubj |
| 4 | only | only | ADV | _ | 5 counts | advmod |
| 5 | counts | count | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 8 shout | mark |
| 7 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 8 shout | nsubj |
| 8 | shout | shout | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 counts | advcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | count | present | it | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | shout speech: express a condition, not said to happen | present | you | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/368-speaking-up-is-bravery-too/t4/