Exam question 1 · Jake, always in bruises

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the distinction between being feared and being esteemed?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, fear, esteem · To what, where: distinction

This is exam question 1 of lesson 372 «Jake, always in bruises» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 distinction	det
10	distinction	distinction	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	between	between	ADP	_	13 feared	mark
12	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 feared	aux:pass
13	feared	fear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 distinction	acl
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 esteemed	cc
15	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	16 esteemed	aux:pass
16	esteemed	esteem	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 feared	conj
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the distinction	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	fear	gerund · passive	the distinction not said here		vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»
4	esteem	gerund · passive			vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Fear is the principal foundation of friendship

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fear	fear	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 foundation	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 foundation	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 foundation	det
4	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 foundation	amod
5	foundation	foundation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 friendship	case
7	friendship	friendship	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 foundation	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Fear	the principal foundation				of friendship	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Fear causes others to keep their distance, whereas esteem draws them nearer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fear	fear	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 causes	nsubj
2	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 causes	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 keep	mark
5	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 causes	xcomp
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 distance	nmod:poss
7	distance	distance	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 keep	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 draws	punct
9	whereas	whereas	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 draws	obj
10	esteem	esteem	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 draws	nsubj
11	draws	draw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 distance	acl:relcl
12	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 draws	obj
13	nearer	near	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	11 draws	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	cause	present	Fear	others		tree rules
2	keep	to-infinitive	others not said here	others's distance		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent distance=Theme
3	draw	present	esteem	whereas	near property	vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent whereas=Beneficiary they=Result

Option 3

Esteem may be obtained only through physical strength

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Esteem	esteem	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 obtained	nsubj:pass
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 obtained	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 obtained	aux:pass
4	obtained	obtain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	only	only	ADV	_	8 strength	advmod
6	through	through	ADP	_	8 strength	case
7	physical	physical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 strength	amod
8	strength	strength	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 obtained	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	obtain	may · passive		Esteem					tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Fear and esteem are entirely identical in their effects upon the conduct of others

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fear	fear	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 identical	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 esteem	cc
3	esteem	esteem	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Fear	conj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 identical	cop
5	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	6 identical	advmod
6	identical	identical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 effects	case
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 effects	nmod:poss
9	effects	effect	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 identical	obl
10	upon	upon	ADP	_	12 conduct	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 conduct	det
12	conduct	conduct	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 identical	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 others	case
14	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 conduct	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is	present	Fear and esteem		Fear's effects	upon the conduct of others; entirely, identical property	tree rules
2	effect		Fear				nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent
3	conduct			others			nom conduct «act transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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