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Exam question 4 · Showing off

It is given that a pupil frequently engages in boastful and hazardous displays in order to gain the regard of his peers. State the response most likely to diminish such conduct.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: pupil, State · What happens: give, engage, gain, regard, diminish · To what, where: It, boastful displays, regard, peers, such conduct

This is exam question 4 of lesson 390 «Showing off» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that a pupil frequently engages in boastful and hazardous displays in order to gain the regard of his peers.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 engages	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 pupil	det
6	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 engages	nsubj
7	frequently	frequently	ADV	_	8 engages	advmod
8	engages	engage	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	advcl
9	in	in	ADP	_	13 displays	case
10	boastful	boastful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 displays	amod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 hazardous	cc
12	hazardous	hazardous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 boastful	conj
13	displays	display	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 engages	obl
14	in	in	ADP	_	15 order	case
15	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 displays	nmod
16	to	to	PART	_	17 gain	mark
17	gain	gain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 engages	advcl
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 regard	det
19	regard	regard	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 gain	obj
20	of	of	ADP	_	22 peers	case
21	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	22 peers	nmod:poss
22	peers	peer	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 regard	nmod
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	engage	present	a pupil					in boastful displays in order goal; frequently property	vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent in display=Goal
3	gain	to-infinitive	a pupil not said here	the regard of pupil's peers					vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent regard=Theme
4	regard			pupil's peers					nom regard «cognition transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: State the response most likely to diminish such conduct.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	State	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 diminish	nsubj
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 diminish	nsubj
4	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	5 likely	advmod
5	likely	likely	ADV	_	7 diminish	advmod
6	to	to	PART	_	7 diminish	mark
7	diminish	diminish	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
8	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 conduct	amod
9	conduct	conduct	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 diminish	obj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 diminish	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	diminish	to-infinitive	State	such conduct				likely property	vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer conduct=Patient

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The public ridicule of the pupil's failures

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 ridicule	det
2	public	public	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 ridicule	amod
3	ridicule	ridicule	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	8 failures	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 pupil	det
6	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 failures	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 pupil	case
8	failures	failure	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 ridicule	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ridicule			the pupil's failures					nom ridicule «communication transitive»: of=patient
2	fail		the pupil						nom failure «act intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The extension of friendly regard to the pupil as he is

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 extension	det
2	extension	extension	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 is	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 regard	case
4	friendly	friendly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 regard	amod
5	regard	regard	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 extension	nmod
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 pupil	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 pupil	det
8	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 regard	nmod
9	as	as	ADP	_	10 he	case
10	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 pupil	nmod
11	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	be	present	the extension of friendly regard to the pupil as pupil						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

The applause of each hazardous display

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 applause	det
2	applause	applause	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 display	case
4	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	6 display	det
5	hazardous	hazardous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 display	amod
6	display	display	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 applause	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

The provision of dares of increasing difficulty

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 provision	det
2	provision	provision	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 dares	case
4	dares	dare	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 provision	nmod
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 difficulty	case
6	increasing	increase	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 difficulty	amod
7	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dares	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	increase	gerund							vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
2	provide		dares of increasing difficulty						nom provision «communication intransitive»: of=agent
3	dare		increasing difficulty						nom dare «communication intransitive»: of=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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