Exam question 3 · «Just hit him back» or «tell a teacher»? What the grown-up…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the striking of the first blow in anticipation of an attack?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, strike · To what, where: striking, first blow

This is exam question 3 of lesson 391 ««Just hit him back» or «tell a teacher»? What the grown-ups say» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 striking	det
10	striking	striking	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 blow	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 blow	det
13	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	14 blow	amod
14	blow	blow	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 striking	nmod
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 anticipation	case
16	anticipation	anticipation	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 blow	nmod
17	of	of	ADP	_	19 attack	case
18	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 attack	det
19	attack	attack	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 anticipation	nmod
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the striking of the first blow in anticipation of a attack	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	strike		the first blow in anticipation of a attack		nom striking «event transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It constitutes lawful self-defence in all cases

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	lawful	lawful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 defence	amod
4	self	self	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 defence	compound
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 self	punct
6	defence	defence	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 cases	case
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	9 cases	det
9	cases	case	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 constitutes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	It	lawful self defence		all cases			vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme defence=Pivot

Option 2

It constitutes the avoidance of a fight altogether

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 avoidance	det
4	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 fight	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 fight	det
7	fight	fight	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 avoidance	nmod
8	altogether	altogether	ADV	_	2 constitutes	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	It	the avoidance of a fight				altogether property	vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme avoidance=Pivot
2	avoid			a fight					nom avoidance «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

It is without consequence where no injury results

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 consequence	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 consequence	cop
3	without	without	ADP	_	4 consequence	case
4	consequence	consequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	8 results	advmod
6	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	7 injury	det
7	injury	injury	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 results	compound
8	results	result	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consequence	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					without consequence; injury results nmod	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It constitutes the initiation of a fight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 initiation	det
4	initiation	initiation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 fight	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 fight	det
7	fight	fight	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 initiation	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	It	the initiation of a fight					vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme initiation=Pivot
2	initiate			a fight					nom initiation «event transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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