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Exam question 3 · What everyone learned about fights

It is given that two neighbouring communities ceased hostilities without either prevailing. Select the explanation consistent with the established facts.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: two neighbouring communities, you · What happens: give, cease, prevail, select, establish · To what, where: It, hostilities, explanation

This is exam question 3 of lesson 395 «What everyone learned about fights» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that two neighbouring communities ceased hostilities without either prevailing.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 ceased	mark
5	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 communities	nummod
6	neighbouring	neighbouring	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 communities	amod
7	communities	community	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 ceased	nsubj
8	ceased	cease	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 given	advcl
9	hostilities	hostility	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 ceased	obj
10	without	without	SCONJ	_	12 prevailing	mark
11	either	either	CCONJ	_	12 prevailing	cc:preconj
12	prevailing	prevail	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 ceased	advcl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	cease	past	two neighbouring communities	hostilities					vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality hostility=Eventuality
3	prevail	gerund	two neighbouring communities not said here						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Select the explanation consistent with the established facts.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 explanation	det
3	explanation	explanation	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 explanation	amod
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the explanation					vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent explanation=Theme
2	establish	participle							vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

One community surrendered the recreation ground entirely to the other

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 community	nummod
2	community	community	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 surrendered	nsubj
3	surrendered	surrender	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 ground	det
5	recreation	recreation	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 ground	compound
6	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 surrendered	obj
7	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	3 surrendered	advmod
8	to	to	ADP	_	10 other	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 other	det
10	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 surrendered	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	surrender	past	One community	the recreation ground	the other			entirely property	vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent ground=Theme to other=Recipient

Option 2

The authorities compelled a permanent separation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 authorities	det
2	authorities	authority	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 compelled	nsubj
3	compelled	compel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 separation	det
5	permanent	permanent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 separation	amod
6	separation	separation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 compelled	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	compel	past	the authorities	a permanent separation					vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent separation=Patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

A sufficient number of persons on each side elected to cease

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 number	det
2	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 number	amod
3	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 persons	case
5	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 number	nmod
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 side	case
7	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	8 side	det
8	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 persons	nmod
9	elected	elect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 persons	acl
10	to	to	PART	_	11 cease	mark
11	cease	cease	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 elected	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	elect	participle		persons on each side not said here					tree rules
2	cease	to-infinitive							vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Option 4

The hostilities ended upon the defeat of one side

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 hostilities	det
2	hostilities	hostility	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 ended	nsubj
3	ended	end	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 defeat	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 defeat	det
6	defeat	defeat	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ended	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 side	case
8	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 side	nummod
9	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 defeat	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	end	past	the hostilities					upon the defeat of one side	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
2	defeat			one side					nom defeat «event transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/395-what-everyone-learned/e3/