Exam question 1 · Nightmares after a scary game

Identify the principal reason for which frightening images are retained in memory with particular persistence.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, retain · To what, where: principal reason, frightening images, memory

This is exam question 1 of lesson 402 «Nightmares after a scary game» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 retained	obl
7	frightening	frightening	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 images	amod
8	images	image	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 retained	nsubj
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 retained	aux:pass
10	retained	retain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl:relcl
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 memory	case
12	memory	memory	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 retained	obl
13	with	with	ADP	_	15 persistence	case
14	particular	particular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 persistence	amod
15	persistence	persistence	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 retained	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	retain	present · passive		frightening images		memory		for the principal reason; with particular persistence	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The brain attends strongly to perceived danger, a disposition which assisted survival

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 brain	det
2	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 attends	nsubj
3	attends	attend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	strongly	strongly	ADV	_	3 attends	advmod
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 danger	case
6	perceived	perceive	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 danger	amod
7	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 attends	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 disposition	punct
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 disposition	det
10	disposition	disposition	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 danger	appos
11	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 assisted	nsubj
12	assisted	assist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 disposition	acl:relcl
13	survival	survival	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 assisted	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	attend	present	the brain		to perceived danger; strongly property	vn caring-75.2-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent to danger=Theme
2	perceive	participle				vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
3	assist	past	a disposition	survival		vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent survival=Beneficiary

Option 2

The images are permanently recorded upon the retina

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 images	det
2	images	image	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 recorded	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 recorded	aux:pass
4	permanently	permanently	ADV	_	5 recorded	advmod
5	recorded	record	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	upon	upon	ADP	_	8 retina	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 retina	det
8	retina	retina	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 recorded	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	record	present · passive		the images		the retina		permanently property	vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme upon retina=Destination

Option 3

Screens emit signals which imprint images upon the brain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Screens	screen	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 emit	nsubj
2	emit	emit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	signals	signal	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 emit	obj
4	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	5 imprint	det
5	imprint	imprint	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 images	nsubj
6	images	image	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 signals	acl:relcl
7	upon	upon	ADP	_	9 brain	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 brain	det
9	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 emit	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	emit	present	Screens	signals				upon the brain	vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source signal=Theme
2	image	present	which imprint						tree rules

Option 4

Only individuals of weak character retain such images

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 individuals	advmod
2	individuals	individual	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 retain	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 character	case
4	weak	weak	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 character	amod
5	character	character	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 individuals	nmod
6	retain	retain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 images	amod
8	images	image	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 retain	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	retain	present	individuals of weak character	such images					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/402-nightmares-and-scary-pictures/e1/