Exam question 3 · The broken window and other hidden accidents

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the attribution of damage to an animal which was absent at the material time?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: animal · What happens: follow, characteris, be, attribute · To what, where: attribution, damage

This is exam question 3 of lesson 428 «The broken window and other hidden accidents» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 attribution	det
10	attribution	attribution	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 damage	case
12	damage	damage	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 attribution	nmod
13	to	to	ADP	_	15 animal	case
14	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 animal	det
15	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obl
16	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	18 absent	nsubj
17	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 absent	cop
18	absent	absent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 animal	acl:relcl
19	at	at	ADP	_	22 time	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 time	det
21	material	material	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 time	compound
22	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 absent	obl
23	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the attribution of damage		of the following statements; to a animal; accurately property	tree rules
3	is	past	a animal		time	absent property	tree rules
4	attribute			damage			nom attribution «cognition transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is an acceptable explanation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 explanation	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 explanation	cop
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 explanation	det
4	acceptable	acceptable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 explanation	amod
5	explanation	explanation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a acceptable explanation					tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It is a false accusation readily disproved by the facts

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 accusation	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 accusation	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 accusation	det
4	false	false	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 accusation	amod
5	accusation	accusation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	readily	readily	ADV	_	7 disproved	advmod
7	disproved	disprove	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 accusation	acl
8	by	by	ADP	_	10 facts	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 disproved	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a false accusation					tree rules
2	disprove	participle		a false accusation not said here				by the facts; readily property	vn deduce-97.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Option 3

It removes all responsibility from the child

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 removes	nsubj
2	removes	remove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 responsibility	det
4	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 removes	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 child	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 child	det
7	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 removes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	remove	present	It	all responsibility				from the child	vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent responsibility=Theme from child=Source

Option 4

It is honest provided the animal is frequently mischievous

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 honest	expl
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 honest	cop
3	honest	honest	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 mischievous	csubj
4	provided	provide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 honest	acl
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 animal	det
6	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 provided	obj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 mischievous	cop
8	frequently	frequently	ADV	_	9 mischievous	advmod
9	mischievous	mischievous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present		honest property	tree rules
2	provide	participle	the animal		vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition animal=Theme
3	is	present		frequently, mischievous property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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