Exam question 3 · Buses, trains and being seen

Identify the side of a road without pavement upon which a pedestrian ought to walk.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, pedestrian · What happens: identify, walk · To what, where: side, pavement

This is exam question 3 of lesson 43 «Buses, trains and being seen» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 side	det
3	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 road	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 road	det
6	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 side	nmod
7	without	without	ADP	_	8 pavement	case
8	pavement	pavement	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obl
9	upon	upon	ADP	_	10 which	case
10	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 walk	obl
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 pedestrian	det
12	pedestrian	pedestrian	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 walk	nsubj
13	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 walk	aux
14	to	to	PART	_	15 walk	mark
15	walk	walk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 pavement	acl:relcl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the side of a road				without pavement	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent side=Theme
2	walk	ought	a pedestrian			pavement			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon which=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

In the middle of the road for visibility

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 middle	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 middle	det
3	middle	middle	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 road	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 road	det
6	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 middle	nmod
7	for	for	ADP	_	8 visibility	case
8	visibility	visibility	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 road	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

On whichever side has more shade

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	On	on	ADP	_	3 side	case
2	whichever	whichever	DET	PronType=Rel	3 side	det
3	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 has	obl
4	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 shade	amod
6	shade	shade	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 has	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present		more shade		whichever side			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shade=Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Facing the oncoming traffic, so that it may be seen approaching

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Facing	face	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	12 approaching	csubj
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 traffic	det
3	oncoming	oncoming	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 traffic	amod
4	traffic	traffic	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Facing	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 seen	punct
6	so	so	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	11 seen	mark
7	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 so	fixed
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 seen	nsubj:pass
9	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 seen	aux
10	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	11 seen	aux:pass
11	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Facing	advcl
12	approaching	approach	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	face	gerund		the oncoming traffic	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme traffic=Destination
2	see	may · passive		traffic	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus
3	approach	gerund	Facing		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

With the traffic, so that it approaches from behind and may pass safely

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	With	with	ADP	_	3 traffic	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 traffic	det
3	traffic	traffic	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 approaches	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 traffic	punct
5	so	so	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	8 approaches	mark
6	that	that	SCONJ	_	5 so	fixed
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 approaches	nsubj
8	approaches	approach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	from	from	ADP	_	10 behind	case
10	behind	behind	ADV	_	8 approaches	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 pass	cc
12	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 pass	aux
13	pass	pass	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 approaches	conj
14	safely	safely	ADV	_	13 pass	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	approach	present	traffic					with the traffic	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from behind=Initial_Location
2	pass	may	traffic not said here					safely property	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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